Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Tel Aviv Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Nutrients. 2023 May 30;15(11):2548. doi: 10.3390/nu15112548.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) stimulate the growth of gut commensals, prevent the adhesion of enteropathogens and modulate host immunity. The major factors influencing variations in the HMO profile are polymorphisms in the secretor (Se) or Lewis (Le) gene, which affect the activity of the enzymes fucoslytransferase 2 and 3 (FUT2 and FUT3) that lead to the formation of four major fucosylated and non-fucosylated oligosaccharides (OS). This pilot study aimed to determine the HMO profile of Israeli breastfeeding mothers of 16 term and 4 preterm infants, from a single tertiary center in the Tel Aviv area. Fifty-two human milk samples were collected from 20 mothers at three-time points: colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk. The concentrations of nine HMOs were assessed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectra chromatograms. Fifty-five percent of the mothers were secretors and 45% were non-secretors. Infant sex affected HMO levels depending on the maternal secretor status. Secretor mothers to boys had higher levels of FUT2-dependent OS and higher levels of disialyllacto-N-tetraose in the milk of mothers to girls, whereas non-secretor mothers to girls had higher levels of 3'-sialyllactose. In addition, the season at which the human milk samples were obtained affected the levels of some HMOs, resulting in significantly lower levels in the summer. Our findings provide novel information on the irregularity in the HMO profile among Israeli lactating women and identify several factors contributing to this variability.
人乳寡糖 (HMOs) 可刺激肠道共生菌的生长，防止肠道病原体黏附，并调节宿主免疫。影响 HMO 谱变化的主要因素是分泌型 (Se) 或 Lewis (Le) 基因的多态性，这些基因影响岩藻糖基转移酶 2 和 3 (FUT2 和 FUT3) 的活性，导致形成四种主要的岩藻糖基化和非岩藻糖基化寡糖 (OS)。本研究旨在确定以色列特拉维夫地区一家三级中心的 16 名足月和 4 名早产儿的母乳喂养母亲的 HMO 谱。从 20 位母亲在三个时间点采集 52 个人乳样本：初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳。使用液相色谱-质谱联用技术评估 9 种 HMO 的浓度。55%的母亲是分泌型，45%是非分泌型。婴儿的性别取决于母亲的分泌状态影响 HMO 水平。男婴的分泌型母亲的 FUT2 依赖性 OS 和乳中二唾液酸乳糖-N-四糖水平较高，而女婴的非分泌型母亲的 3'-唾液酸乳糖水平较高。此外，获得人乳样本的季节也影响了一些 HMO 的水平，导致夏季水平显著降低。我们的研究结果提供了关于以色列哺乳期妇女 HMO 谱不规则性的新信息，并确定了导致这种变异性的几个因素。
