基线时水果摄入量较高，但蔬菜或纤维摄入量并非如此，这与基线时BMI正常的中老年女性超重或肥胖风险较低相关。
Higher Intake of Fruit, but Not Vegetables or Fiber, at Baseline Is Associated with Lower Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women of Normal BMI at Baseline.
作者信息
Rautiainen Susanne, Wang Lu, Lee I-Min, Manson JoAnn E, Buring Julie E, Sesso Howard D
机构信息
Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
出版信息
J Nutr. 2015 May;145(5):960-8. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.199158. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
BACKGROUND
Fruit, vegetable, and dietary fiber intake have been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, little is known about their role in obesity prevention.
OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to investigate whether intake of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber is associated with weight change and the risk of becoming overweight and obese.
METHODS
We studied 18,146 women aged ≥45 y from the Women's Health Study free of CVD and cancer with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to <25 kg/m². Fruit, vegetable, and dietary fiber intakes were assessed at baseline through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire, along with obesity-related risk factors. Women self-reported body weight on annual questionnaires.
RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 15.9 y, 8125 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²). Intakes of total fruits and vegetables, fruits, and dietary fiber were not associated with the longitudinal changes in body weight, whereas higher vegetable intake was associated with greater weight gain (P-trend: 0.02). In multivariable analyses, controlling for total energy intake and physical activity along with other lifestyle, clinical, and dietary factors, women in the highest vs. lowest quintile of fruit intake had an HR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.94; P-trend: 0.01) of becoming overweight or obese. No association was observed for vegetable or dietary fiber intake. The association between fruit intake and risk of becoming overweight or obese was modified by baseline BMI (P-interaction: <0.0001) where the strongest inverse association was observed among women with a BMI <23 kg/m² (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.94).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that greater baseline intake of fruit, but not vegetables or fiber, by middle-aged and older women with a normal BMI at baseline is associated with lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.
背景
水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维的摄入与心血管疾病（CVD）风险降低相关；然而，它们在预防肥胖方面的作用却鲜为人知。
目的
我们的目标是研究水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维的摄入是否与体重变化以及超重和肥胖风险相关。
方法
我们对18146名年龄≥45岁、无心血管疾病和癌症且初始体重指数（BMI）为18.5至<25kg/m²的女性进行了研究，这些女性来自女性健康研究。通过一份包含131项内容的食物频率问卷在基线时评估水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维的摄入量以及与肥胖相关的危险因素。女性通过年度问卷自行报告体重。
结果
在平均15.9年的随访期间，8125名女性超重或肥胖（BMI≥25kg/m²）。总的水果和蔬菜、水果以及膳食纤维的摄入量与体重的纵向变化无关，而较高的蔬菜摄入量与更大的体重增加相关（P趋势：0.02）。在多变量分析中，在控制总能量摄入、身体活动以及其他生活方式、临床和饮食因素后，水果摄入量处于最高五分位数与最低五分位数的女性相比，超重或肥胖的风险比（HR）为0.87（95%置信区间：0.80,0.94；P趋势：0.01）。未观察到蔬菜或膳食纤维摄入量与超重或肥胖风险之间存在关联。水果摄入量与超重或肥胖风险之间的关联受到基线BMI的影响（P交互作用：<0.0001），在BMI<23kg/m²的女性中观察到最强的负相关（HR：0.82；95%置信区间：0.71,0.94）。
结论
我们的结果表明，基线BMI正常的中老年女性在基线时摄入更多的水果而非蔬菜或纤维，与超重或肥胖风险降低相关。
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