器官捐赠：决策过程中的社会心理因素
Organ donation: psychosocial factors of the decision-making process.
作者信息
Carola Valeria, Morale Chiara, Vincenzo Cristina, Cecchi Valentina, Errico Livia, Nicolais Giampaolo
机构信息
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Coordination of Organ and Tissue Donation, Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2023 May 26;14:1111328. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1111328. eCollection 2023.
Organ donation has a crucial impact on patient care and survival, of which the worldwide gap between organ demand and supply is currently one of the most challenging issues. Brain-dead patients are the main source of organs that can be donated, but donation requires the consent of family members-a choice that is often complex and stressful and leads to refusal of consent. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of certain psychosocial factors on the decision-making process with regard to organ donation by family members. In particular, the influence of several aspects is emphasized, such as sociodemographic factors, knowledge of the organ donation process, religious beliefs, concerns that are related to the choice to donate, and mode of communication. Consistent with this evidence, we emphasize the need to examine these aspects further through interventions and guidelines that improve the organ donation application process and ensure a positive experience for the family that has to make the decision.
器官捐赠对患者护理和生存有着至关重要的影响，目前全球器官供需差距是最具挑战性的问题之一。脑死亡患者是可捐赠器官的主要来源，但捐赠需要家庭成员的同意——这一选择往往复杂且压力巨大，常导致同意被拒绝。本综述旨在概述当前关于某些社会心理因素对家庭成员器官捐赠决策过程影响的知识。特别强调了几个方面的影响，如社会人口学因素、器官捐赠过程的知识、宗教信仰、与捐赠选择相关的担忧以及沟通方式。基于这一证据，我们强调需要通过干预措施和指南进一步审视这些方面，以改善器官捐赠申请流程，并确保做出决策的家庭有积极的体验。
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