GOx-Powered Janus Platelet Nanomotors for Targeted Delivery of Thrombolytic Drugs in Treating Thrombotic Diseases.

Low efficiency of targeting and delivery toward the thrombus site poses challenges to using thrombolytic drugs. Inspired by the biomimetic system of platelet membranes (PMs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) modification technologies, we develop a novel GOx-powered Janus nanomotor by asymmetrically attaching the GOx to polymeric nanomotors coated with the PMs. Then the PM-coated nanomotors were conjugated with urokinase plasminogen activators (uPAs) on their surfaces. The PM-camouflaged design conferred excellent biocompatibility to the nanomotors and improved their targeting ability to thrombus. The Janus distribution of GOx also allows the uneven decomposition of glucose in biofluids to produce a chemophoretic motion, increasing the drug delivery efficiency of nanomotors. In addition, these nanomotors are located at the lesion site due to the mutual adhesion and aggregation of platelet membranes. Furthermore, thrombolysis effects of nanomotors are enhanced in static and dynamic thrombus as well as in mouse models. It is believed that the novel PM-coated enzyme-powered nanomotors represent a great value for thrombolysis treatment.