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艾森克的精神质量表究竟测量的是什么?

What does Eysenck's psychoticism scale really measure?

作者信息

Howarth E

出版信息

Br J Psychol. 1986 May;77 ( Pt 2):223-7. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb01996.x.

Abstract

The following sources of evidence are discussed in order to examine the component parts-in terms of primary traits-of Eysenck's psychoticism scale, which he refers to as a 'superfactor' but which is here viewed as a composite or complex of primary traits. Factor analytic studies by the author and by Barratt & Kline not only showed agreement as to factor composition but also each found a psychoticism factor and supply evidence as to the question posed. Additionally a correlational study by the author and a study by Eysenck supply evidence. Thus from factor analytic and correlational evidence a high P scorer possesses these traits: impulsiveness, lack of cooperation, oral pessimism, rigidity, low superego controls, low social sensitivity, low persistence, lack of anxiety and lack of feelings of inferiority. Of the three main 'superfactors' advocated by Eysenck-neuroticism (N), extraversion (E) and psychoticism (P)-the evidence indicated that psychoticism was the least univocal.

摘要

为了检验艾森克精神病态量表的组成部分(从主要特质方面),以下证据来源将被讨论。艾森克将该量表称为一个“超级因子”,但在此处被视为主要特质的一个组合或复合体。作者以及巴拉特和克莱因所做的因素分析研究不仅在因素构成方面显示出一致性,而且各自都发现了一个精神病态因子,并为所提出的问题提供了证据。此外,作者所做的一项相关性研究以及艾森克所做的一项研究也提供了证据。因此,从因素分析和相关性证据来看,高分P者具有这些特质:冲动、缺乏合作、口头上的悲观、刻板、超我控制力低、社会敏感性低、坚持性低、缺乏焦虑和自卑感。在艾森克所主张的三个主要“超级因子”——神经质(N)、外向性(E)和精神病态(P)——中,证据表明精神病态是最不明确的。

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