Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
J Psychopharmacol. 2023 Sep;37(9):928-936. doi: 10.1177/02698811231179805. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Methamphetamine is often recreationally co-consumed with alcohol due to desirable off-target effects; however, the acute neurocognitive and subjective consequences of combined use are unclear.
In a randomised, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, cross-over study design, the effects of acute oral methamphetamine (0.42 mg/kg) were assessed with and without low doses of alcohol (target 0.04% blood-alcohol concentration, BAC) on subjective intoxication, alertness, physiological outcomes and neurocognition during the ascending and descending phases of the BAC curve. Sixteen healthy adults (mean age = 30.4 years, SD ± 4.4, 67% male) completed four experimental sessions over 4 weeks involving a one-week washout period.
Cardiovascular measures [heart rate (beats/minute), blood pressure (mmHg)] were predictably elevated following methamphetamine, but unaffected by combined alcohol use. Methamphetamine and alcohol produce divergent effects on subjective alertness and sedation across time, yet their combination produced predominantly sustained stimulative effects independent of the biphasic alcohol curve. At a peak BAC of 0.029%, alcohol alone impaired performance across most functional neurocognitive domains relative to placebo and methamphetamine only, and the addition of methamphetamine attenuated these effects. Methamphetamine alone produced isolated improvement in psychomotor speed consistent with peak drug effects.
Methamphetamine combined with alcohol does not substantially alter the physiological or metabolic profile compared to either drug alone. Strong stimulative effects of methamphetamine appear to mask the biphasic sedative and performance effects of low doses of alcohol, which may underlie motivations for co-consumption in recreational settings and increase propensity for harm.
由于理想的脱靶作用，冰毒常与酒精一起被消遣性使用；然而，联合使用的急性神经认知和主观后果尚不清楚。
在一项随机、安慰剂对照、交叉设计的研究中，评估了低剂量酒精（目标血液酒精浓度为 0.04%，BAC）对急性口服冰毒（0.42mg/kg）对主观醉酒、警觉、生理结果和神经认知的影响，在 BAC 曲线的上升和下降阶段。16 名健康成年人（平均年龄 30.4 岁，SD ± 4.4，67%为男性）在 4 周内完成了 4 项实验，包括 1 周的洗脱期。
心血管测量值[心率（每分钟跳动次数）、血压（mmHg）]在服用冰毒后可预测性升高，但不受联合使用酒精的影响。冰毒和酒精对主观警觉性和镇静作用的影响随时间而异，但它们的组合产生了主要的持续刺激作用，独立于双相酒精曲线。在 BAC 峰值为 0.029%时，与安慰剂和仅用冰毒相比，酒精单独使用会损害大多数功能性神经认知领域的表现，而联合使用冰毒则减轻了这些影响。单独使用冰毒可提高心理运动速度，与峰值药物作用一致。
与单独使用任何一种药物相比，冰毒与酒精联合使用并没有显著改变生理或代谢特征。冰毒的强烈刺激作用似乎掩盖了低剂量酒精的双相镇静和表现作用，这可能是娱乐性使用中共同消费的动机，并增加了伤害的倾向。
