Simon Stacey L, Cooper Emily, Bernard Angel, Bowen Anne E, Holtman Sydney, Brinton John T, Hawkins Stephen M M, Cree Melanie G, Nadeau Kristen J, Wright Kenneth P
Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Children's Hospital Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Jun 3:e70062. doi: 10.1111/jsr.70062.
Adolescents frequently experience insufficient sleep, which can negatively impact physical and mental health. We sought to examine differences in symptoms of insufficient sleep and response to a sleep extension manipulation by chronotype in habitually short-sleeping adolescents. Twenty-six adolescents with insufficient sleep (≤ 7 h on school nights) were randomised to 1 week of typical sleep (TS; usual school schedule) and sleep extension (EXT; ≥ 1-h additional time in bed) in counterbalanced order. Questionnaires (Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children, PROMIS Paediatric Anxiety and Depression Scales, Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire) were completed at screening, and actigraphy-estimated sleep and dim-light salivary melatonin onset and offset (DLMOn/Off) were assessed during both conditions. A slight majority of participants identified as evening types (57.7%). Evening types had significantly greater depression and anxiety symptoms, more chronic sleep restriction, and more daytime sequelae of insufficient sleep (irritability, loss of energy, and sleepiness) compared to morning types. Both morning/intermediate and evening types significantly advanced sleep onset time and increased sleep duration from TS to EXT (all p < 0.001). However, only evening types significantly delayed sleep offset from TS to EXT (p = 0.049) while morning/intermediate types did not change the timing of sleep offset between conditions (p > 0.05). The phase angle between DLMOn and sleep onset narrowed significantly only for morning/intermediate types (p = 0.02), while the phase angle between DLMOn and sleep offset widened significantly only for evening types (p = 0.021). To improve health, individualised approaches to improving sleep health should be considered for habitually short-sleeping adolescents based on chronotype.
青少年经常睡眠不足，这会对身心健康产生负面影响。我们试图研究习惯性睡眠不足的青少年中，睡眠不足症状以及对延长睡眠时间干预的反应在不同昼夜节律类型之间的差异。26名睡眠不足（上学日晚上睡眠≤7小时）的青少年被随机分为两组，分别经历1周的典型睡眠（TS；按照通常的学校作息时间表）和延长睡眠（EXT；在床上多躺≥1小时），两种安排顺序相互平衡。在筛查时完成问卷（儿童晨型/夜型量表、PROMIS儿童焦虑和抑郁量表、慢性睡眠减少问卷），并在两种情况下评估通过活动记录仪估计的睡眠情况以及暗光下唾液褪黑素的开始和结束时间（DLMOn/Off）。略超过半数的参与者被确定为夜型（57.7%）。与晨型相比，夜型有更明显的抑郁和焦虑症状、更多的慢性睡眠限制以及更多睡眠不足的日间后遗症（易怒、精力不足和嗜睡）。晨型/中间型和夜型从TS到EXT时，入睡时间均显著提前，睡眠时间均增加（所有p<0.001）。然而，只有夜型从TS到EXT时睡眠结束时间显著延迟（p = 0.049），而晨型/中间型在两种情况下睡眠结束时间没有变化（p>0.05）。仅晨型/中间型的DLMOn与入睡之间的相位角显著缩小（p = 0.02），而仅夜型的DLMOn与睡眠结束之间的相位角显著增大（p = 0.021）。为改善健康状况，对于习惯性睡眠不足的青少年，应根据昼夜节律类型考虑采用个性化方法来改善睡眠健康。
