Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
Opportunity & Inclusive Growth Institute, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Jun 15;18(6):e0279660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279660. eCollection 2023.
Monitoring COVID-19 infection risk in the general population is a public health priority. Few studies have measured seropositivity using representative, probability samples. The present study measured seropositivity in a representative population of Minnesota residents prior to vaccines and assess the characteristics, behaviors, and beliefs of the population at the outset of the pandemic and their association with subsequent infection.
Participants in the Minnesota COVID-19 Antibody Study (MCAS) were recruited from residents of Minnesota who participated in the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (CIS), a population-based survey that collected data on physical health, mental health, and economic security information between April 20 and June 8 of 2020. This was followed by collection of antibody test results between December 29, 2020 and February 26, 2021. Demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal exposures were assessed for association with the outcome of interest, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Of the 907 potential participants from the CIS, 585 respondents then consented to participate in the antibody testing (64.4% consent rate). Of these, results from 537 test kits were included in the final analytic sample, and 51 participants (9.5%) were seropositive. The overall weighted seroprevalence was calculated to be 11.81% (95% CI, 7.30%-16.32%) at of the time of test collection. In adjusted multivariate logistic regression models, significant associations between seroprevalence and the following were observed; being from 23-64 and 65+ age groups were both associated with higher odds of COVID-19 seropositivity compared to the 18-22 age group (17.8 [1.2-260.1] and 24.7 [1.5-404.4] respectively). When compared to a less than $30k annual income reference group, all higher income groups had significantly lower odds of seropositivity. Reporting practicing a number of 10 (median reported value in sample) or more of 19 potential COVID-19 mitigation factors (e.g. handwashing and mask wearing) was associated with lower odds of seropositivity (0.4 [0.1-0.99]) Finally, the presence of at least one household member in the age range of 6 to 17 years old was associated with higher odds of seropositivity (8.3 [1.2-57.0]).
The adjusted odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was significantly positively associated with increasing age and having household member(s) in the 6-17 year age group, while increasing income levels and a mitigation score at or above the median were shown to be significantly protective factors.
监测普通人群中 COVID-19 感染风险是公共卫生的重点。很少有研究使用代表性的概率样本来测量血清阳性率。本研究在疫苗接种前测量了明尼苏达州居民代表性人群中的血清阳性率，并评估了大流行开始时人群的特征、行为和信念及其与随后感染的关系。
明尼苏达州 COVID-19 抗体研究（MCAS）的参与者是从参加 COVID-19 家庭影响调查（CIS）的明尼苏达州居民中招募的，这是一项基于人群的调查，在 2020 年 4 月 20 日至 6 月 8 日期间收集了身体健康、心理健康和经济安全信息。随后在 2020 年 12 月 29 日至 2021 年 2 月 26 日之间收集了抗体检测结果。使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归评估人口统计学、行为和态度暴露与 SARS-CoV-2 血清阳性率（感兴趣的结果）之间的关联。
在 CIS 中的 907 名潜在参与者中，有 585 名受访者随后同意参加抗体检测（64.4%的同意率）。其中，537 个试剂盒的结果包含在最终分析样本中，51 名参与者（9.5%）血清阳性。在测试采集时，总体加权血清阳性率计算为 11.81%（95%CI，7.30%-16.32%）。在调整后的多变量逻辑回归模型中，观察到血清阳性率与以下因素之间存在显著关联；与 18-22 岁年龄组相比，23-64 岁和 65 岁以上年龄组的 COVID-19 血清阳性率均具有更高的可能性（17.8 [1.2-260.1]和 24.7 [1.5-404.4]）。与年收入低于 30 千美元的参考组相比，所有较高收入组的血清阳性率显著较低。报告实践了 19 个潜在 COVID-19 缓解因素中的 10 个（样本中报告的中位数）或更多（例如洗手和戴口罩）与血清阳性率较低相关（0.4 [0.1-0.99]）。最后，家中有 6 至 17 岁年龄段的至少一名家庭成员与血清阳性率较高相关（8.3 [1.2-57.0]）。
SARS-CoV-2 血清阳性率的调整后优势比与年龄增长呈显著正相关，与 6-17 岁年龄段的家庭成员数量呈正相关，而收入水平升高和缓解评分等于或高于中位数与显著保护因素呈负相关。
