Jarlais Don Des, Weng Chenziheng Allen, Feelemyer Jonathan, McKnight Courtney
Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, 708 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2023 Sep;8:100171. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100171. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
We examined non-fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City (NYC).
We recruited 275 PWID through respondent driven sampling and staff outreach from Oct. 2021-Sept. 2022 and enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. Information was collected on demographics, drug use behaviors, overdose experiences, substance use treatment history and strategies for coping with overdose threat. We compared PWID who did and did not experience non-fatal overdoses during lifetime and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants were 71% male, and the mean age was 49 (SD 10). Heroin was the most frequently reported drug used (79%), 82% were fentanyl positive at enrollment urinalysis, 60% had overdosed in their lifetime and 34% had overdosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In multivariable logistic regression, having previous overdosed, having a received a psychiatric diagnosis, and having a regular group of injectors were independently associated with experiencing an overdose during the pandemic. Overdose during the pandemic was unexpectedly high (approximately 30%) among persons reporting less than daily use of their main drug. Among PWID, 95% reported practicing at least one and 75% at least two overdose coping strategies. Practicing the different strategies, however, was generally not associated with a lower probability of experiencing an overdose.
There has been a high rate of non-fatal overdoses among PWID in NYC during the pandemic. Fentanyl is almost ubiquitous in the drug supply in the city. PWID coping strategies are not yet providing strong protective effects against non-fatal overdose.
我们调查了纽约市注射吸毒者（PWID）在新冠疫情期间的非致命药物过量情况。
我们通过应答者驱动抽样和工作人员外展招募了275名注射吸毒者，时间为2021年10月至2022年9月，并让他们参与一项横断面调查。收集了有关人口统计学、吸毒行为、过量用药经历、物质使用治疗史以及应对过量用药威胁策略的信息。我们比较了在一生中以及新冠疫情期间有过和没有过非致命过量用药经历的注射吸毒者。
参与者中71%为男性，平均年龄为49岁（标准差10）。海洛因是报告使用最频繁的毒品（79%），82%的人在入组尿液分析时芬太尼呈阳性，60%的人一生中曾有过过量用药经历，34%的人在新冠疫情期间有过过量用药经历。在多变量逻辑回归中，既往有过过量用药经历、接受过精神科诊断以及有固定的注射吸毒群体与疫情期间的过量用药经历独立相关。在报告主要毒品使用频率低于每日一次的人群中，疫情期间的过量用药率意外地高（约30%）。在注射吸毒者中，95%的人报告至少采取了一种、75%的人报告至少采取了两种过量用药应对策略。然而，采取不同的策略通常与较低的过量用药概率无关。
疫情期间纽约市注射吸毒者中非致命过量用药率很高。芬太尼在该市的毒品供应中几乎无处不在。注射吸毒者的应对策略尚未对非致命过量用药提供强有力的保护作用。
