State Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
BMC Genomics. 2023 Jun 16;24(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09435-w.
Panax ginseng is a perennial herb and one of the most widely used traditional medicines in China. During its long growth period, it is affected by various environmental factors. Past studies have shown that growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development, responding to environmental stress, and responding to the induction of exogenous hormones. However, GRF and GIF transcription factors in ginseng have not been reported.
In this study, 20 GRF gene members of ginseng were systematically identified and found to be distributed on 13 chromosomes. The ginseng GIF gene family has only ten members, which are distributed on ten chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these PgGRFs into six clades and PgGIFs into two clades. In total, 18 of the 20 PgGRFs and eight of the ten PgGIFs are segmental duplications. Most PgGRF and PgGIF gene promoters contain some hormone- and stress- related cis-regulatory elements. Based on the available public RNA-Seq data, the expression patterns of PgGRF and PgGIF genes were analysed from 14 different tissues. The responses of the PgGRF gene to different hormones (6-BA, ABA, GA3, IAA) and abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, and salt) were studied. The expression of the PgGRF gene was significantly upregulated under GA3 induction and three weeks of heat treatment. The expression level of the PgGIF gene changed only slightly after one week of heat treatment.
The results of this study may be helpful for further study of the function of PgGRF and PgGIF genes and lay a foundation for further study of their role in the growth and development of Panax ginseng.
人参是一种多年生草本植物，也是中国应用最广泛的传统药物之一。在其漫长的生长过程中，受到各种环境因素的影响。过去的研究表明，生长调节因子（GRFs）和 GRF 相互作用因子（GIFs）参与调节植物的生长和发育，对环境胁迫做出响应，并对外源激素的诱导做出响应。然而，人参中的 GRF 和 GIF 转录因子尚未见报道。
本研究系统鉴定了 20 个人参 GRF 基因成员，发现它们分布在 13 条染色体上。人参 GIF 基因家族仅有 10 个成员，分布在 10 条染色体上。系统发育分析将这些 PgGRFs 分为 6 个分支，将 PgGIFs 分为 2 个分支。总共，20 个 PgGRF 中有 18 个和 10 个 PgGIF 中有 8 个是片段重复。大多数 PgGRF 和 PgGIF 基因启动子包含一些与激素和应激相关的顺式调控元件。基于可用的公共 RNA-Seq 数据，从 14 种不同组织分析了 PgGRF 和 PgGIF 基因的表达模式。研究了 PgGRF 基因对不同激素（6-BA、ABA、GA3、IAA）和非生物胁迫（冷、热、干旱和盐）的响应。GA3 诱导和 3 周热处理后，PgGRF 基因的表达显著上调。热处理 1 周后，PgGIF 基因的表达水平变化不大。
本研究结果可能有助于进一步研究 PgGRF 和 PgGIF 基因的功能，并为进一步研究它们在人参生长发育中的作用奠定基础。
