Asfaw Tsegahun, Genetu Deribew, Shenkute Demissew, Shenkutie Tassew Tefera, Yitayew Berhanu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Jun 12;16:3693-3705. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S412126. eCollection 2023.
Recently, antibiotic resistance of bacteria contained in foods such as vegetables has become a public health problem. In Ethiopia, the diversity of bacterial contamination and level of antibiotic resistance in vegetables are poorly understood. Local analysis of vegetable contamination and its contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance are therefore essential for One Health interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of bacterial contamination of commonly consumed vegetables and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.
A cross-sectional research was conducted in Debre Berhan town from February to August 2022. Questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic variables, hygiene practices, and market hygiene. Six carefully selected vegetables (30 each, 180 in total) were purchased at a local market. Bacterial isolation and identification, multidrug-resistant (MDR) screening and confirmation, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) screening and confirmation, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using standard operating procedure. The data were analysed statistically using SPSS software version 25.
The contamination rate of vegetables was 119 (66.1%). Of the 176 bacteria isolates, (26.1%; 46/176), (18.8%; 176), (10.8%; 19/176), spp. (9.1%; 16/179) and spp. (6.8%; 12/176) were the most frequently detected isolates. Of the 180 samples tested, (66.1%; 119/180) were contaminated with at least one type of bacteria. Lettuce (22.7%; 40/176), spinach (18.6%; 33/176), and cabbage (19.2%; 32/176) were the most contaminated vegetables. Of the 176 bacteria isolates, (64.8%; 114/176) were MDR, and (18.5%; 23/124) isolates were ESBL producers. The kind of vegetables, vendor/seller finger-nail status, medium of display, market type, and not cleaned before to display were all significantly associated with bacterial contamination.
This study found that commonly consumed vegetables are contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Vegetables were also notable for the incidence of multidrug-resistant, extended β-lactamase-resistant, and methicillin-resistant bacterial isolates. Therefore, we urge local health authorities to develop and implement effective control strategies to reduce vegetable contamination.
最近，蔬菜等食品中所含细菌的抗生素耐药性已成为一个公共卫生问题。在埃塞俄比亚，人们对蔬菜中细菌污染的多样性和抗生素耐药水平了解甚少。因此，对蔬菜污染及其对抗生素耐药性传播的贡献进行本地分析对于“同一健康”干预措施至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是调查常见食用蔬菜的细菌污染水平及其抗菌耐药模式。
2022年2月至8月在德布雷伯汉镇开展了一项横断面研究。通过问卷调查收集社会人口统计学变量、卫生习惯和市场卫生方面的数据。在当地市场购买了六种精心挑选的蔬菜（每种30份，共180份）。使用标准操作程序进行细菌分离和鉴定、多重耐药（MDR）筛查和确认、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）筛查和确认以及抗生素敏感性测试。使用SPSS 25版软件对数据进行统计分析。
蔬菜的污染率为119份（66.1%）。在176株细菌分离物中，（26.1%；46/176）、（18.8%；176）、（10.8%；19/176）、 spp.（9.1%；16/179）和 spp.（6.8%；12/176）是最常检测到的分离物。在180份测试样本中，（66.1%；119/180）至少被一种细菌污染。生菜（22.7%；40/176）、菠菜（18.6%；33/176）和卷心菜（19.2%；32/176）是污染最严重的蔬菜。在176株细菌分离物中，（64.8%；114/176）为多重耐药菌，（18.5%；23/124）株分离物为ESBL产生菌。蔬菜种类、摊贩/卖家指甲状况、展示介质、市场类型以及展示前未清洗均与细菌污染显著相关。
本研究发现，常见食用蔬菜被抗生素耐药菌污染。蔬菜在多重耐药、超广谱β-内酰胺酶耐药和耐甲氧西林细菌分离物的发生率方面也很显著。因此，我们敦促当地卫生当局制定并实施有效的控制策略，以减少蔬菜污染。
