Mao Yiping, Zhang Mengting, Wang Lanfeng, Lu Yukang, Hu Xinyi, Chen Zhiping
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jun 2;11:1192937. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1192937. eCollection 2023.
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are minute vesicles secreted by various cells that are capable of transporting cargo, including microRNAs, between donor and recipient cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have been implicated in a wide array of biological processes, including those involved in tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs in both the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors, with potential implications in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment and drug resistance. This review provides a brief overview of the biogenesis and functional mechanisms of sEVs and miRNAs, followed by a summarization of recent empirical findings on miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs from three archetypal urologic malignancies: prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer. We conclude by underscoring the potential of sEV-enclosed miRNAs as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with a particular focus on their detection and analysis in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum.
小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）是由各种细胞分泌的微小囊泡，能够在供体细胞和受体细胞之间运输包括微小RNA在内的物质。微小RNA（miRNAs）是长度约为22个核苷酸的小型非编码RNA，参与了包括肿瘤发生在内的一系列生物学过程。新出现的证据突出了sEVs中包裹的miRNAs在泌尿肿瘤诊断和治疗中的关键作用，对上皮-间质转化、增殖、转移、血管生成、肿瘤微环境和耐药性具有潜在影响。本文综述简要概述了sEVs和miRNAs的生物发生及功能机制，随后总结了来自三种典型泌尿恶性肿瘤（前列腺癌、透明细胞肾细胞癌和膀胱癌）的sEVs中包裹的miRNAs的最新实证研究结果。我们强调sEVs包裹的miRNAs作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，并特别关注它们在尿液、血浆和血清等生物流体中的检测和分析。
