Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
AVT Natural North America, Santa Clara, CA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jun 2;14:1145367. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145367. eCollection 2023.
Both and studies were conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of green tea extract (GT), cinnamon oil (CO), and pomegranate extract (PO) on avian coccidiosis. In experiment (EXP) 1, an culture system was used to investigate the individual effects of GT, CO, and PO on the proinflammatory cytokine response and integrity of tight junction (TJ) in chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), on the differentiation of quail muscle cells and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells, and anticoccidial and antibacterial activities against sporozoites and bacteria, respectively. In EXP 2 and 3, trials were carried out to study the dose-dependent effect of blended phytochemicals (GT, CO, PO) on coccidiosis in broiler chickens infected with . For EXP 2, one hundred male broiler chickens (0-day-old) were allocated into the following five treatment groups: Control group for non-infected chickens (NC), Basal diet group for infected chickens (PC), PC group supplemented with phytochemicals at 50 (Phy 50), 100 (Phy 100), and 200 (Phy 200) mg/kg feed diets for infected chickens. For EXP 3, one hundred twenty male broiler chickens (0-day-old) were allocated into the following six treatment groups: NC, PC, PC supplemented with phytochemicals at 10 (Phy 10), 20 (Phy 20), 30 (Phy 30), and 100 (Phy 100) mg/kg feed for infected chickens. Body weights (BW) were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22, and jejunum samples were used to measure cytokine, TJ protein, and antioxidant enzyme responses at 8 days post-infection (dpi). Fecal samples for oocyst enumeration were collected from 6 to 8 dpi. , CO and PO reduced LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-8 in IEC, respectively, and GT enhanced the gene expression of occludin in IEC. PO at 1.0 and 5.0 mg/mL exerted antimicrobial effect against sporozoites and bacteria, respectively. , chickens fed a diet supplemented with phytochemicals showed enhanced BW, reduced oocyst shedding, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines following challenge. In conclusion, the combination of GT, CO, and PO in the diet of broiler chickens infected with induced enhanced host disease resistance including innate immunity and gut health, which contributed to improved growth and reduced disease responses. These findings provide scientific support for the development of a novel phytogenic feed additive formula that enhances the growth and intestinal health of broiler chickens infected with coccidiosis.
进行了 和 研究，以评估绿茶提取物（GT）、肉桂油（CO）和石榴提取物（PO）对禽类球虫病的有益作用。在实验（EXP）1 中，使用 培养系统分别研究 GT、CO 和 PO 对鸡肠上皮细胞（IEC）中促炎细胞因子反应和紧密连接（TJ）完整性的影响，以及对鹌鹑肌肉细胞和原代鸡肌肉细胞的分化作用，以及对 孢子和 细菌的抗球虫和抗菌活性。在 EXP 2 和 3 中，进行了 试验以研究混合植物化学物质（GT、CO、PO）对感染 的肉鸡球虫病的剂量依赖性影响。对于 EXP 2，将 100 只雄性肉鸡（0 日龄）分配到以下五个处理组：非感染鸡的对照（NC）组、感染鸡的基础日粮（PC）组、感染鸡日粮中添加 50（Phy 50）、100（Phy 100）和 200（Phy 200）mg/kg 植物化学物质的 PC 组。对于 EXP 3，将 120 只雄性肉鸡（0 日龄）分配到以下六个处理组：NC、PC、PC 日粮中添加 10（Phy 10）、20（Phy 20）、30（Phy 30）和 100（Phy 100）mg/kg 植物化学物质。在 0、7、14、20 和 22 天测量体重（BW），在感染后 8 天（dpi）测量空肠样本中的细胞因子、TJ 蛋白和抗氧化酶反应。在 6 至 8dpi 时收集粪便样本进行卵囊计数。GT、CO 和 PO 分别降低了 LPS 诱导的 IEC 中 IL-1β 和 IL-8 的表达，而 GT 增强了 IEC 中 occludin 的基因表达。PO 在 1.0 和 5.0mg/mL 时对 孢子和 细菌具有抗菌作用。在感染 的肉鸡日粮中添加植物化学物质，可提高 BW、减少卵囊脱落、降低促炎细胞因子，减轻 感染的影响。总之，GT、CO 和 PO 在感染 的肉鸡日粮中的组合诱导了增强的宿主抗病性，包括先天免疫和肠道健康，这有助于改善生长和降低疾病反应。这些发现为开发增强感染球虫病的肉鸡生长和肠道健康的新型植物源饲料添加剂配方提供了科学依据。
