Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2023 Aug 7;381(2252):20220291. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0291. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
We are accustomed to looking at matter, life and evolution from different viewpoints. In this article, we present a simple but unified theoretical framework inspired by classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Our framework generalizes Newton's third law of matter to encompass life and evolution. The generalized action-reaction relationship includes scale and temporal parameters. This generalization helps explain why life is a system out of equilibrium. Life can go beyond the action-reaction symmetry law of matter. We define life as an open system that is self-aware of the time trajectory of energy state and environment. The theoretical framework we propose for studying life in terms of power reduces to the science of matter as a limiting case. This article is part of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)'.
我们习惯于从不同的视角看待物质、生命和进化。在本文中，我们提出了一个简单但统一的理论框架，该框架受经典力学和热力学启发。我们的框架将牛顿的物质第三定律推广到涵盖生命和进化。广义的作用-反作用关系包括尺度和时间参数。这种推广有助于解释为什么生命是一个远离平衡的系统。生命可以超越物质的作用-反作用对称定律。我们将生命定义为一个开放系统，它能够自我感知能量状态和环境的时间轨迹。我们提出的用于研究生命动力的理论框架简化为物质科学的一个特例。本文是主题为“热力学 2.0：连接自然科学和社会科学（第 1 部分）”的一部分。
