Department of Theoretical Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1525, Konkoly Thege Miklós u. 29-33, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, Hungary.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2023 Aug 7;381(2252):20220276. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0276. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
The backbone of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is the stability structure, where entropy is related to a Lyapunov function of thermodynamic equilibrium. Stability is the background of natural selection: unstable systems are temporary, and stable ones survive. The physical concepts from the stability structure and the related formalism of constrained entropy inequality are universal by construction. Therefore, the mathematical tools and the physical concepts of thermodynamics help formulate dynamical theories of any systems in social and natural sciences. This article is part of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)'.
非平衡热力学的核心是稳定性结构，其中熵与热力学平衡的拉普拉斯函数有关。稳定性是自然选择的背景：不稳定的系统是暂时的，而稳定的系统则会生存下来。稳定性结构和相关约束熵不等式形式化的物理概念从构建上就是通用的。因此，热力学的数学工具和物理概念有助于构建社会和自然科学中任何系统的动力学理论。本文是主题为“热力学 2.0：连接自然科学和社会科学（第 1 部分）”的一部分。
