健康教育干预对减轻 COVID-19 隔离患者焦虑的有效性：一项随机对照试验。

The effectiveness of a health education intervention to reduce anxiety in quarantined COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.

Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 20;23(1):1188. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16104-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-16104-w

PMID:37340300

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10280925/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic is regarded as a serious public health concern that boosts levels of stress and anxiety which could be explained by several reasons, including social isolation. In this regard, we aimed to assess the impact of health education on the anxiety level of COVID-19 patients during the isolation period.

METHODS

This is a randomized controlled trial conducted between February 2021 and June 2021. Patients tested positive for Covid-19 with mild to moderate forms were randomized to Education (n = 267) or control (n = 269). The education group received a phone health education session on day 1 (D1) following the diagnosis. The three components of the health education intervention were an explanation of the coronavirus disease, what to do in the event of complications, and the recommended preventive measures. The two groups received a telephone evaluation of their Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores on D1 and day seven D7 following the positive diagnosis. The primary outcome was the rate of anxiety reduction in each group on D7 based on a HAD-A score ≥ 8. Secondary outcomes were the rate of anxiety reduction on D7 based on a HAD-A score ≥ 11, the percentage of people complying with isolation and the scores of adherences to preventive measures during the isolation in each group.

RESULTS

Hundred and ninety-six patients in the intervention group and 206 patients in the control group completed the study. The sociodemographic, clinical, and initial anxiety level features of the intervention and control groups were comparable at baseline (p ≥ 0.05). On D7, the education group's anxiety level (HAD-A ≥ 8) decreased from 26 to 16.3% (p = 0.013) while in the control group it increased from 19.4 to 22.8% (p = 0.37). Thus, the percentage change in anxiety between D1 and D7 (delta D7 - D1) was - 9.7% in the Education group and + 3.4% in the Control group. Using the HAD-A ≥ 11 thresholds, the percentage of anxiety decreased from 15.3 to 11.2% (p = 0.26) between D1 and D7, while it increased in the control group from 9.7 to 15.7% (p = 0.045). Thus, the education group's change in anxiety (delta D7 - D1) was - 4.1%, while the control group's change was + 6%.

CONCLUSION

During an outbreak, providing health education to quarantined patients may be beneficial to reduce the psychological impact of the disease.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05715593, retrospectively registered on 8/02/2023 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT05715593&Search=Search .

摘要

简介

COVID-19 大流行被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题，会导致压力和焦虑水平升高，其原因包括社会隔离。在这方面，我们旨在评估在隔离期间对 COVID-19 患者进行健康教育对其焦虑水平的影响。

方法

这是一项于 2021 年 2 月至 2021 年 6 月期间进行的随机对照试验。对 COVID-19 检测呈阳性且症状为轻度至中度的患者进行随机分组，分为教育组（n=267）和对照组（n=269）。教育组在确诊后第 1 天（D1）接受电话健康教育培训。健康教育干预的三个组成部分是解释冠状病毒疾病、出现并发症时的应对措施以及推荐的预防措施。两组在 D1 和确诊后第 7 天（D7）接受电话评估其医院焦虑和抑郁评分。主要结局是根据 HAD-A 评分≥8，两组在 D7 的焦虑缓解率。次要结局是根据 HAD-A 评分≥11，两组在 D7 的焦虑缓解率，隔离期间两组的隔离率和预防措施的依从率评分。

结果

干预组有 196 名患者和对照组有 206 名患者完成了研究。干预组和对照组的人口统计学、临床和初始焦虑水平特征在基线时相当（p≥0.05）。在 D7 时，教育组的焦虑水平（HAD-A≥8）从 26%下降到 16.3%（p=0.013），而对照组从 19.4%增加到 22.8%（p=0.37）。因此，教育组 D1 和 D7 之间的焦虑变化百分比（D7-D1 的差值）为-9.7%，而对照组为+3.4%。使用 HAD-A≥11 阈值，D1 和 D7 之间的焦虑百分比从 15.3%下降到 11.2%（p=0.26），而对照组从 9.7%增加到 15.7%（p=0.045）。因此，教育组的焦虑变化（D7-D1 的差值）为-4.1%，而对照组的变化为+6%。