School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Amir Al Momenin Hospital, Social Security Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Jun 20;23(1):322. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02483-0.
Violence against women is one of the most widespread, persistent and detrimental violations of human rights in today's world, which has not been reported in most cases due to impunity, silence, stigma and shame, even in the age of social communication. Domestic violence against women harms individuals, families, and society. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and experiences of domestic violence against women in Semnan.
This study was conducted as mixed research (cross-sectional descriptive and phenomenological qualitative methods) to investigate domestic violence against women, and some related factors (quantitative) and experiences of such violence (qualitative) simultaneously in Semnan. In quantitative study, cluster sampling was conducted based on the areas covered by health centers from married women living in Semnan since March 2021 to March 2022 using Domestic Violence Questionnaire. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. In qualitative study by phenomenological approach and purposive sampling until data saturation, 9 women were selected who had referred to the counseling units of Semnan health centers due to domestic violence, since March 2021 to March 2022 and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The conducted interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method.
In qualitative study, seven themes were found including "Facilitators", "Role failure", "Repressors", "Efforts to preserve the family", "Inappropriate solving of family conflicts", "Consequences", and "Inefficient supportive systems". In quantitative study, the variables of age, age difference and number of years of marriage had a positive and significant relationship, and the variable of the number of children had a negative and significant relationship with the total score and all fields of the questionnaire (p < 0.05). Also, increasing the level of female education and income both independently showed a significant relationship with increasing the score of violence.
Some of the variables of violence against women are known and the need for prevention and plans to take action before their occurrence is well felt. Also, supportive mechanisms with objective and taboo-breaking results should be implemented to minimize harm to women, and their children and families seriously.
在当今世界，针对妇女的暴力行为是最普遍、持续和有害的侵犯人权行为之一，但由于有罪不罚、沉默、耻辱和羞耻，这种情况在大多数情况下都没有得到报告，甚至在社交媒体时代也是如此。家庭暴力对个人、家庭和社会都造成了伤害。本研究的目的是调查在塞姆南针对妇女的家庭暴力的发生率和经历。
本研究采用混合研究（横断面描述性和现象学定性方法），同时调查塞姆南针对妇女的家庭暴力（定量）和此类暴力的经历（定性）及其相关因素。在定量研究中，根据 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月期间健康中心覆盖的地区，采用家庭暴力问卷，对塞姆南的已婚妇女进行了聚类抽样。然后，采用描述性和推断性统计方法对所获得的数据进行分析。在定性研究中，采用现象学方法和目的抽样，直到数据饱和，选择了 9 名自 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月期间因家庭暴力而向塞姆南健康中心咨询单位求助的妇女进行深入和半结构化访谈。对进行的访谈采用 Colaizzi 的 7 步分析法进行分析。
在定性研究中，发现了七个主题，包括“促进因素”、“角色失败”、“镇压者”、“维护家庭的努力”、“家庭冲突的不当解决”、“后果”和“无效的支持系统”。在定量研究中，年龄、年龄差异和婚姻年限等变量与问卷总分和所有领域均呈正显著关系，而子女数量变量与问卷总分和所有领域均呈负显著关系（p<0.05）。此外，女性教育水平和收入水平的提高均与暴力评分的增加呈独立的显著关系。
一些针对妇女的暴力行为的变量是已知的，因此需要在其发生之前预防和制定行动计划。此外，应实施具有客观和打破禁忌结果的支持机制，以最大限度地减少对妇女及其子女和家庭的严重伤害。
