ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Jun 20;23(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02454-5.
The unmet need for family planning has been a public health concern in developing countries, especially in the south-east region. In India, the expanding roles of women has led to a growing need for family planning and contraception. However, tribal women still struggle with reproductive and sexual health issues. Unfortunately, most tribal women are not informed about the potential health risks associated with contraceptive use, as service providers often neglect to provide this information. As a result, tribal women often suffer in silence, which can lead to serious health problems. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the patterns and factors associated with modern contraceptive usage as well as the district level variation in usage among tribal married women.
We included 91,976 tribal married women participants aged 15 to 49 years from National Family Health Survey 5 conducted during the years 2019 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the prevalence of modern contraceptive usage along with 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of uncertainty. The association between various socio-demographic predictors and modern contraceptive usage were assessed by multivariable logistic regression and presented as an adjusted odds ratio (AOR).
The overall prevalence of modern contraceptive practices was found to be 53% among tribal married women, which was below the national average. Sterilization was the most preferred method of modern contraceptive, whereas injectables were the least preferred method. More than 80% of the married women get the family planning information from the public health facility and health workers. Districts of eastern and north-eastern states have comparatively less modern contraceptive prevalence than central and southern states. Age, education, parity and access to media were significantly associated with the use of modern methods of contraception.
Improving contraceptive use and reducing unmet needs for contraception among tribal women requires sustained efforts from healthcare workers, including Information Education and Communication (IEC) through mass media to raise awareness. A tailored family planning strategy is crucial to address the specific needs of tribal women at both the local and national levels, with adequate resources and monitoring for impact with this India can achieve Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 2.1 among tribals.
在发展中国家，特别是东南亚地区，计划生育的未满足需求一直是一个公共卫生关注点。在印度，女性角色的不断扩大导致对计划生育和避孕的需求不断增长。然而，部落妇女仍然面临生殖和性健康问题。不幸的是，大多数部落妇女都不知道与避孕使用相关的潜在健康风险，因为服务提供者往往忽略了提供这些信息。因此，部落妇女经常默默承受，这可能导致严重的健康问题。因此，本研究旨在了解与现代避孕使用相关的模式和因素，以及部落已婚妇女在不同地区的使用情况差异。
我们纳入了来自 2019 年至 2021 年期间进行的国家家庭健康调查 5 的 91976 名 15 至 49 岁的部落已婚妇女参与者。使用描述性统计数据计算现代避孕使用的流行率，并以 95%置信区间 (CI) 作为不确定性的衡量标准。使用多变量逻辑回归评估各种社会人口学预测因素与现代避孕使用之间的关联，并以调整后的优势比 (AOR) 表示。
发现部落已婚妇女中现代避孕措施的总体流行率为 53%，低于全国平均水平。绝育是最受欢迎的现代避孕方法，而注射剂是最不受欢迎的方法。超过 80%的已婚妇女从公共卫生机构和卫生工作者那里获得计划生育信息。东部和东北部各州的地区现代避孕普及率相对低于中部和南部各州。年龄、教育程度、生育次数和获得媒体的机会与现代避孕方法的使用显著相关。
要提高部落妇女的避孕使用率并减少避孕需求，需要医疗保健工作者持续努力，包括通过大众媒体进行信息、教育和宣传 (IEC) 以提高认识。制定针对部落妇女的量身定制的计划生育策略至关重要，需要在地方和国家层面满足部落妇女的具体需求，同时提供充足的资源并进行监测，以确保效果。通过这种方式，印度可以实现部落人口的总生育率 (TFR) 降至 2.1。
