Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 23;9(25):eadf2987. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2987. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
Global reductions in the underwater radiated noise levels from cargo vessels are needed to reduce increasing cumulative impacts to marine wildlife. We use a vessel exposure simulation model to examine how reducing vessel source levels through slowdowns and technological modifications can lessen impacts on marine mammals. We show that the area exposed to ship noise reduces markedly with moderate source-level reductions that can be readily achieved with small reductions in speed. Moreover, slowdowns reduce all impacts to marine mammals despite the longer time that a slower vessel takes to pass an animal. We conclude that cumulative noise impacts from the global fleet can be reduced immediately by slowdowns. This solution requires no modification to ships and is scalable from local speed reductions in sensitive areas to ocean basins. Speed reductions can be supplemented by routing vessels away from critical habitats and by technological modifications to reduce vessel noise.
需要降低货船水下辐射噪声水平,以减少对海洋野生动物的累积影响。我们使用船舶辐射噪声暴露模拟模型来研究通过减速和技术改进降低船舶源级如何减轻对海洋哺乳动物的影响。结果表明,通过适度降低源级可以显著减少船舶噪声暴露区域,而只需较小的速度降低就可以实现。此外,尽管速度较慢的船舶通过动物的时间更长,但减速仍会降低对所有海洋哺乳动物的影响。我们的结论是,全球船队的累积噪声影响可以通过减速立即得到缓解。该解决方案不需要对船舶进行修改,并且可以从小范围的敏感区域减速扩展到整个大洋盆地。可以通过改变航线使船舶远离关键生境和采用技术改进来降低船舶噪声,以此作为减速的补充措施。