Centre of Global Intercultural Health (CeSGI), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas Y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 22;23(1):1207. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16093-w.
A sustained period of social, economic, and political unrest took place during October of 2019 in Chile. As an institutional solution, the "Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution" was signed. In this document, most political parties committed to reestablishing peace and public order in Chile, agreeing on the initiation of a constitutional process. To promote participation of civil society actors, the "Popular Initiative for Norms" was enabled. This was a platform where civilians could submit proposals for constitutional norms to be discussed by the Constitutional Convention. We aimed to analyze proposals related to migrants and migrant health.
We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of the proposals. Sixteen of them were related to migrants, and we analyzed their association to health. We also evaluated their link to the Health Goals 2030 set out by the Chilean Ministry of Health and the Global Action Plan 2019-2023 for Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants by the World Health Organization.
Four main thematic categories were identified: 1) Humans rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers; 2) Nationality and regularization of migrants and refugees; 3) Political participation and cultural integration of migrants and refugees; and 4) Specific regulations on slavery and human trafficking. These resonated with broader frameworks established in the Health Goals 2030 (Chile) and the Global Action Plan 2019-2023 for Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants by the World Health Organization.
The 'Popular Initiative for Norms' was a non-binding participatory mechanism. Although the proposals sent through were not guaranteed to be included in the constitutional draft-and despite the final draft being rejected last September 2022-the platform allowed to gain insights into civilian opinions. Our findings showed that there is an incipient yet weak recognition of the rights and situation of migrants in Chile. There was no direct mention of health nor an explicit contemplation of social determinants of health. Despite there being an urgent need to define strategies for migrants' health in Chile, this study demonstrated that civil awareness and interest are still insufficient.
2019 年 10 月，智利发生了一段持续的社会、经济和政治动荡。作为一种制度解决方案，签署了“社会和平与新宪法协议”。在这份文件中，大多数政党承诺恢复智利的和平与公共秩序，并同意启动宪法进程。为了促进民间社会行为者的参与，启用了“规范民众倡议”。这是一个平民可以提交宪法规范提案供宪法大会讨论的平台。我们旨在分析与移民和移民健康相关的提案。
我们对提案进行了定性主题分析。其中有 16 项与移民有关，我们分析了它们与健康的关联。我们还评估了它们与智利卫生部制定的 2030 年卫生目标以及世界卫生组织 2019-2023 年促进难民和移民健康全球行动计划的联系。
确定了四个主要的主题类别：1）移民、难民和寻求庇护者的人权；2）移民和难民的国籍和合法化；3）移民和难民的政治参与和文化融合；4）关于奴役和人口贩运的具体规定。这些主题与 2030 年卫生目标（智利）和世界卫生组织 2019-2023 年促进难民和移民健康全球行动计划中建立的更广泛框架相呼应。
“规范民众倡议”是一种非约束性的参与机制。尽管通过该平台提交的提案不一定保证被纳入宪法草案——尽管最终草案于 2022 年 9 月被否决——但该平台使我们能够了解到平民的意见。我们的研究结果表明，智利对移民的权利和处境的认识虽初步但仍很薄弱。提案中没有直接提到健康，也没有明确考虑健康的社会决定因素。尽管智利迫切需要为移民制定健康战略，但这项研究表明，公民意识和兴趣仍然不足。
