Gautier Lara, Casseus Thierry, Blanc Judite, Cloos Patrick
Département de Gestion, d'Évaluation et de Politique de Santé, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
École de travail social, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
J Migr Health. 2020 Dec 8;1-2:100017. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100017. eCollection 2020.
In January 2010, Haiti was hit by a terrible earthquake that pushed thousands of people to migrate. Many of them chose to settle in Quebec, Canada. Years after the earthquake, many Haitians continue to migrate to the Quebec province. Several studies however have shown that this population's socioeconomic status is lower than the provincial average. Given the potential multiple stressors that affect Haitian migrants in Quebec, there are concerns about their health status. Located at the intersection of international migration studies and global public health, this paper offers an in-depth qualitative investigation of Haitian migrants' representations of both their situation and self-perceived health in Montreal, Quebec. Our perspective on migrant health was inspired by the World Health Organisation's framework on the social determinants of health and recent studies in the field of migrant health. We collected and analysed qualitative data from 23 key informants (i.e., 12 women and 11 men, aged 21-76 years old) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The analysis of the data from these people's narratives revealed the importance of structural determinants such as social position, and intermediate determinants such as living and working conditions. Our analysis also highlighted several interrelations between those determinants. Specifically, participants reported coping with issues related to migration status, income, occupation, language, challenging living and working conditions, and chronic stress. This study also shows that racism and social support each relate to both the structural and intermediate levels of the social determinants of health. The importance of social support brought by relatives, friends, as well as community-based organisations and religious practice, was underscored. Our findings were coherent with available literature looking at the determinants of health of racialized and migrant minorities in other high-income regions of the world. Our conclusive remarks featured reflections on three cross-cutting issues and their practical implications for policy and practices.
2010年1月，海地遭受了一场可怕的地震，迫使数千人迁移。他们中的许多人选择在加拿大魁北克定居。地震多年后，许多海地人继续迁移到魁北克省。然而，多项研究表明，这一群体的社会经济地位低于该省平均水平。鉴于影响魁北克海地移民的潜在多重压力源，人们对他们的健康状况表示担忧。本文处于国际移民研究与全球公共卫生的交叉点，对魁北克蒙特利尔海地移民对自身状况和自我感知健康的表述进行了深入的定性调查。我们对移民健康的看法受到世界卫生组织健康社会决定因素框架以及移民健康领域近期研究的启发。我们从23名来自不同社会经济背景的关键信息提供者（即12名女性和11名男性，年龄在21 - 76岁之间）收集并分析了定性数据。对这些人叙述的数据进行分析后发现了诸如社会地位等结构决定因素以及诸如生活和工作条件等中间决定因素的重要性。我们的分析还突出了这些决定因素之间的几种相互关系。具体而言，参与者报告了应对与移民身份、收入、职业、语言、具有挑战性的生活和工作条件以及慢性压力相关的问题。这项研究还表明，种族主义和社会支持均与健康社会决定因素的结构和中间层面相关。强调了亲戚、朋友以及社区组织和宗教活动所带来的社会支持的重要性。我们的研究结果与世界其他高收入地区有关种族化和移民少数群体健康决定因素的现有文献一致。我们的结论性评论围绕三个贯穿各领域的问题及其对政策和实践的实际影响展开了思考。
