Bornstein Marc H, Putnick Diane L, Esposito Gianluca, Pearson Rebecca M
Intramural Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
UNICEF, New York City, NY, United States.
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023;2. doi: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1124037. Epub 2023 May 26.
Twenty maternal parenting practices and 15 behaviors of their 5½- month-old infants in a U.S. national sample ( = 360) and 9 international samples ( = 653) were microcoded from videorecords of naturalistic interactions at home and aggregated into domains. Altogether, the samples were recruited from Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, as well as the United States.
A previous test of three competing models of the nature and structure of the maternal parenting practices supported a hybrid 2 factor/6 domain model as superior to a 1-factor dimensional model and a multi-factor style model: Maternal parenting practices are structured into nurture, physical, social, didactic, material, and language domains undergirded by dyadic and extradyadic factors. Infant behaviors were organized into physical, social, exploration, nondistress vocalization, and distress communication domains. The current study sought to examine links connecting these previously identified maternal domains and factors with infant behavior domains using structural equation models.
Mothers' dyadic factor is associated with infant social behaviors with mother; and mothers' extradyadic factor and encouragement of infant physical development are associated with infant exploration of their immediate physical environment and physical development. Infant distress communication (and less nondistress vocalization) is associated with more maternal nurturing.
Mothers' parenting practices in the middle of the first year of infant life are commonly structured and adapted to specific needs and developmental tasks of infants. Evaluations of mother-infant interactions with national and international samples permit a wide yet judicious analysis of common vs. specific models of mother-infant relationships.
在美国一个全国性样本（n = 360）以及9个国际样本（n = 653）中，对20种母亲养育行为及其5个半月大婴儿的15种行为进行了微观编码，这些行为来自家庭自然互动的视频记录，并汇总成不同领域。这些样本总共来自阿根廷、比利时、巴西、法国、以色列、意大利、日本、肯尼亚以及美国。
先前对三种关于母亲养育行为的性质和结构的竞争模型进行的测试支持了一种混合的双因素/六领域模型，该模型优于单因素维度模型和多因素风格模型：母亲养育行为被构建为养育、身体、社交、教导、物质和语言领域，这些领域由二元和超二元因素支撑。婴儿行为被组织为身体、社交、探索、非痛苦发声和痛苦沟通领域。本研究旨在使用结构方程模型检验将这些先前确定的母亲领域和因素与婴儿行为领域联系起来的关联。
母亲的二元因素与婴儿与母亲的社交行为相关；母亲的超二元因素以及对婴儿身体发育的鼓励与婴儿对其直接物理环境的探索和身体发育相关。婴儿的痛苦沟通（以及较少的非痛苦发声）与母亲更多的养育行为相关。
在婴儿生命的第一年中期，母亲的养育行为通常是有结构的，并适应婴儿的特定需求和发展任务。对来自国内和国际样本的母婴互动进行评估，有助于对母婴关系的共性与特性模型进行广泛而审慎的分析。
