Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, E-18012 Granada, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 15;830:154737. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154737. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Human breast milk is considered the optimal source of nutrition for infants. Milk from breast milk banks offers an alternative to infant formulas for vulnerable hospitalized neonates most likely to benefit from exclusive human milk feeding. However, breast milk can also be a source of exposure to environmental contaminants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
To evaluate concentrations of phenolic EDCs, including bisphenols, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BPs), in samples from a human milk bank in Granada, Southern Spain and to explore sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors related to their concentrations in the milk.
Concentrations of three bisphenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS)], four PBs [methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (n-PrP), and butyl-paraben (n-BuP)], and six BPs [BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-6, BP-8, and 4-hydroxy-BP] were determined in milk samples from 83 donors. Information on potential explanatory variables was gathered using the milk bank donor form and an ad hoc questionnaire. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted.
Detectable concentrations were found of at least one of the analyzed compounds in all donor breast milk samples and at least five compounds in one-fifth of them. The most frequently detected compounds were MeP (90.5%), BP-3 (75.0%), EtP (51.2%), n-PrP (46.4%), and BPA (41.7%). Median concentrations ranged between <0.10 ng/mL (n-PrP, n-BuP, BP-1) and 0.59 ng/mL (BP-3). No sample contained detectable concentrations of BPF, BPS, or most BPs (BP-2, BP-6, BP-8, and 4- hydroxy-BP). Breast milk phenol concentrations were associated with parity, the utilization of deodorants, mouthwash, skin care products, and cosmetics, and the intake of nutritional supplements.
Results reveal the widespread presence of BPA, PBs, and BP-3 in donor breast milk samples, highlighting the need for preventive measures to enhance the benefits of breast milk from milk banks and from breastfeeding women in general.
人乳被认为是婴儿最佳的营养来源。母乳库中的母乳为最有可能受益于纯人乳喂养的住院脆弱新生儿提供了替代婴儿配方奶粉的选择。然而，母乳也可能是接触环境污染物（包括内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs））的来源。
评估西班牙南部格拉纳达母乳库中母乳样本中酚类 EDC （包括双酚类、对羟基苯甲酸酯（PBs）和二苯甲酮（BPs））的浓度，并探讨与母乳中浓度相关的社会人口学、生殖和生活方式因素。
在 83 名捐赠者的母乳样本中测定了三种双酚类物质[双酚 A（BPA）、双酚 F（BPF）和双酚 S（BPS）]、四种 PBs [甲基-（MeP）、乙基-（EtP）、丙基-（n-PrP）和丁基-对羟基苯甲酸酯（n-BuP）]和六种 BPs [BP-1、BP-2、BP-3、BP-6、BP-8 和 4-羟基-BP]的浓度。使用母乳库捐赠者表格和专门的问卷收集潜在解释变量的信息。拟合多元线性和逻辑回归模型。
在所有捐赠者的母乳样本中均检测到至少一种分析化合物的可检测浓度，并且在五分之一的样本中至少检测到五种化合物。最常检测到的化合物是 MeP（90.5%）、BP-3（75.0%）、EtP（51.2%）、n-PrP（46.4%）和 BPA（41.7%）。中位浓度范围在<0.10 ng/mL（n-PrP、n-BuP、BP-1）和 0.59 ng/mL（BP-3）之间。没有样本检测到 BPF、BPS 或大多数 BPs（BP-2、BP-6、BP-8 和 4-羟基-BP）的浓度。母乳中酚类物质的浓度与产次、使用除臭剂、漱口水、护肤品和化妆品以及营养补充剂的摄入有关。
研究结果揭示了 BPA、PBs 和 BP-3 在母乳库捐赠者母乳样本中的广泛存在，强调需要采取预防措施，以提高母乳库母乳和一般母乳喂养妇女的益处。
