Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Prev Sci. 2023 Jul;24(5):1023-1034. doi: 10.1007/s11121-023-01562-w. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/nonbinary, and queer (LGBTQ +) adolescents experience considerable disparities in dating violence and sexual assault victimization relative to heterosexual and cisgender peers. These disparities may be driven in part by the disruptive effects of heterosexism and cissexism on school-based and family relationships. To quantify the potential roles of these processes and identify priorities for prevention efforts, we estimated the extent to which dating violence and sexual assault victimization in LGBTQ + adolescents could be reduced by eliminating sexual orientation and gender modality inequities in school adult support, bullying victimization, and family adversity. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional, population-based survey of high school students in Dane County, Wisconsin (N = 15,467; 13% sexual minority; 4% transgender/nonbinary; 72% White) using interventional effects analysis, adjusting for grade, race/ethnicity, and family financial status. We found that eliminating inequities in bullying victimization and family adversity could significantly reduce dating violence and sexual assault victimization in LGBTQ + adolescents, particularly sexual minority cisgender girls and transgender/nonbinary adolescents. For instance, eliminating gender modality inequities in family adversity could reduce sexual assault victimization in transgender/nonbinary adolescents by 2.4 percentage points, representing 27% of the existing sexual assault victimization disparity between transgender/nonbinary and cisgender adolescents (P < 0.001). Results suggest that dating violence and sexual assault victimization in LGBTQ + adolescents could be meaningfully reduced by policies and practices addressing anti-LGBTQ + bullying as well as heterosexism- and cissexism-related stress in LGBTQ + adolescents' families.
女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别/非二元性别和酷儿（LGBTQ+）青少年在约会暴力和性侵犯受害方面与异性恋和顺性别同龄人存在相当大的差异。这些差异可能部分是由异性恋和性别歧视对学校和家庭关系的破坏性影响造成的。为了量化这些过程的潜在作用，并确定预防工作的优先事项，我们估计通过消除学校成人支持、欺凌受害和家庭逆境中性别和性模式的不平等，可以在多大程度上减少 LGBTQ+青少年中的约会暴力和性侵犯受害。我们使用干预效果分析，分析了威斯康星州戴恩县高中生的横断面、基于人群的调查数据（N=15467；13%的性少数群体；4%的跨性别/非二元性别；72%的白人），调整了年级、种族/族裔和家庭经济状况。我们发现，消除欺凌受害和家庭逆境中的不平等可以显著减少 LGBTQ+青少年中的约会暴力和性侵犯受害，特别是性少数顺性别女孩和跨性别/非二元性别青少年。例如，消除家庭逆境中的性别模式不平等可以使跨性别/非二元青少年的性侵犯受害减少 2.4 个百分点，占跨性别/非二元和顺性别青少年之间现有性侵犯受害差异的 27%（P<0.001）。结果表明，通过解决反 LGBTQ+欺凌以及 LGBTQ+青少年家庭中与异性恋和性别歧视相关的压力的政策和实践，可以显著减少 LGBTQ+青少年中的约会暴力和性侵犯受害。
