Pomology department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Jun 22;23(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04346-0.
Choosing the most compatible and desirable rootstock for Kalamata olive cultivar is an important decision due to the longevity of the orchard and the difficulty rooting of Kalamata cuttings. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the morphological, physio-biochemical, and nutritional status as ppotential markers for grafting compatibility between Kalamata olive cultivar and three olive rootstocks (Coratina, Picual, Manzanillo) during two seasons (2020-2021) as well as follow up physio-bichemical and nutritional status of one-year-old Kalamata plants (2022).
The results indicated that, Picual rootstock recorded the highest significant grafting success which was associated with increasing number of leaves, leaf area and SPAD value in Kalamata scions by 22.15%, 36.86% and 14.64% compared to Manzanillo rootstock as mean of both seasons, respectively. While, Manzanillo rootstock recorded the highest significant activity for peroxidase and catalase by 51.41% and 60.1% at grafting union compared to Picual rootstock. Moreover, Picual rootstock for Kalamata scions had the highest acid invertase and sucrose synthase activities by 67.23% and 57.94% compared to Manzanillo rootstock. Furthermore, Picual rootstock recorded the highest significant Gibberellic acid by 52.8% and 18.6% compared to Coratina and Manzanillo rootstocks. Meanwhile, Picual rootstock recorded the lowest significant Abscisic acid by 68.17% and 63.15% as well as the lowest total phenols by 14.36% and 23.47% compared to Coratina and Manzanillo rootstocks.
This study sheds light for the importance of choosing the suitable rootstock for Kalamata cultivar. Also, sucrose synthase and acid invertase may have a novel role in determining grafting compatibility in olives. Increasing growth promoters (Gibberellic, Nitrogen) and decreasing both growth inhibitors (Abscisic, phenols) and oxidative enzyme (catalase, peroxidase) required for better graft compatibility.
由于橄榄园的寿命长且卡兰扎塔橄榄的插条生根困难，因此为卡兰扎塔橄榄品种选择最兼容和理想的砧木是一项重要的决策。因此，本研究的目的是在两个季节（2020-2021 年）检查卡兰扎塔橄榄品种与三种橄榄砧木（科拉蒂纳、皮库阿尔、曼萨尼约）之间的形态、生理生化和营养状况，作为嫁接兼容性的潜在标记，以及后续对一年生卡兰扎塔植物（2022 年）的生理生化和营养状况进行监测。
结果表明，与曼萨尼约砧木相比，皮库阿尔砧木记录的嫁接成功率最高，与两个季节的平均值相比，卡兰扎塔接穗的叶片数、叶面积和 SPAD 值分别增加了 22.15%、36.86%和 14.64%。而曼萨尼约砧木在嫁接结合处记录到过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性最高，分别为 51.41%和 60.1%，而皮库阿尔砧木则为 67.23%和 57.94%。此外，与曼萨尼约砧木相比，皮库阿尔砧木的酸性转化酶和蔗糖合酶活性最高，分别为 67.23%和 57.94%。此外，与科拉蒂纳和曼萨尼约砧木相比，皮库阿尔砧木记录到的赤霉素最高，分别为 52.8%和 18.6%。同时，与科拉蒂纳和曼萨尼约砧木相比，皮库阿尔砧木记录到的脱落酸最低，分别为 68.17%和 63.15%，总酚含量最低，分别为 14.36%和 23.47%。
本研究强调了为卡兰扎塔品种选择合适砧木的重要性。此外，蔗糖合酶和酸性转化酶可能在确定橄榄嫁接兼容性方面发挥新的作用。增加生长促进剂（赤霉素、氮），减少生长抑制剂（脱落酸、酚类）和氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶），以获得更好的嫁接兼容性。
