Animal Health Diagnostic Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Vet Scand. 2023 Jun 22;65(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13028-023-00684-z.
Cryptosporidiosis has increased in recent years in Finland. We aimed to identify risk factors for human cryptosporidiosis and to determine the significance of Cryptosporidium parvum as a causative agent. Based on notifications to the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR), we conducted a case-control study and genotyped Cryptosporidium species from patient samples from July to December 2019. We also retrieved the occupational cryptosporidiosis cases from 2011 to 2019 from the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD).
Of 272 patient samples analyzed, 76% were C. parvum and 3% C. hominis. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis of 82 C. parvum cases and 218 controls, cryptosporidiosis was associated with cattle contact (OR 81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 26-251), having a family member with gastroenteritis (OR 34, 95% CI 6.2-186), and spending time at one's own vacation home (OR 15, 95% CI 4.2-54). Of the cases, 65% had regular cattle contact. The most common gp60 subtypes identified were IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA13G2R1. In FROD, 68 recognized occupational cryptosporidiosis cases were registered in 2011-2019.
C. parvum is the most common Cryptosporidium species found in humans in Finland and poses a moderate to high risk of occupational infection for people working with cattle. The number of occupational notifications of cryptosporidiosis increased between 2011 and 2019. Cryptosporidiosis should be recognized as an important occupational disease among persons working with livestock in Finland, criteria to identify occupational cryptosporidiosis need to be created, and occupational safety in cattle-related work should be improved.
近年来，芬兰的隐孢子虫病有所增加。我们旨在确定人类隐孢子虫病的危险因素，并确定小隐孢子虫作为病原体的意义。基于向芬兰传染病登记处（FIDR）的报告，我们进行了一项病例对照研究，并对 2019 年 7 月至 12 月期间从患者样本中分离出的隐孢子虫物种进行了基因分型。我们还从芬兰职业疾病登记处（FROD）中检索了 2011 年至 2019 年的职业性隐孢子虫病病例。
在分析的 272 份患者样本中，76%为小隐孢子虫，3%为人隐孢子虫。在对 82 例小隐孢子虫病病例和 218 例对照进行的多变量逻辑回归分析中，隐孢子虫病与牛接触（OR 81，95%置信区间（CI）26-251）、有家庭成员患有胃肠炎（OR 34，95%CI 6.2-186）和在自己的度假屋度假（OR 15，95%CI 4.2-54）有关。在这些病例中，65%有规律的牛接触。鉴定出的最常见的 gp60 亚型是 IIaA15G2R1 和 IIaA13G2R1。在 FROD 中，2011-2019 年共登记了 68 例职业性隐孢子虫病病例。
小隐孢子虫是芬兰人类中最常见的隐孢子虫物种，对从事与牛相关工作的人构成中等至高度职业感染风险。2011 年至 2019 年，职业性隐孢子虫病的报告数量有所增加。在芬兰，隐孢子虫病应被视为从事牲畜工作的人重要的职业病，需要制定职业性隐孢子虫病的鉴定标准，并改善与牛相关工作的职业安全。
