Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, P.R. China.
Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
Int Rev Immunol. 2024;43(2):63-73. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2225551. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and irreversible end-organ tissue damage. Platelet extracellular vesicles are cellular elements that are important in blood circulation and actively participate in inflammatory and immune responses through intercellular communication and interactions between inflammatory cells, immune cells, and their secreted factors. Therefore, platelet extracellular vesicles are the "accelerator" in the pathological process of autoimmune diseases; however, this robust set of functions of platelet extracellular vesicles has also prompted new advances in therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we update fundamental mechanisms based on platelet extracellular vesicles communication function in autoimmune diseases. We also focus on the potential role of platelet extracellular vesicles for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Some recent studies have found that antiplatelet aggregation drugs, specific biological agents can reduce the release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Platelet extracellular vesicles can also serve as vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted cells. It seems that we can try to silence or inhibit microRNA carried by platelet extracellular vesicles transcription and regulate the target cells to treat autoimmune diseases as platelet extracellular vesicles can transfer microRNA to other cells to regulate immune-inflammatory responses. Hopefully, the information presented here will provide hope for patients with autoimmune diseases.
自身免疫性疾病的特征是免疫耐受的破坏，导致炎症和不可逆的终末器官组织损伤。血小板细胞外囊泡是在血液循环中起重要作用的细胞成分，通过细胞间通讯以及炎症细胞、免疫细胞及其分泌因子之间的相互作用，积极参与炎症和免疫反应。因此，血小板细胞外囊泡是自身免疫性疾病病理过程中的“加速器”；然而，血小板细胞外囊泡这一组强大的功能也为自身免疫性疾病的治疗策略带来了新的进展。在这篇综述中，我们更新了基于血小板细胞外囊泡通讯功能的自身免疫性疾病基本机制。我们还重点介绍了血小板细胞外囊泡在治疗自身免疫性疾病中的潜在作用。一些最近的研究发现，抗血小板聚集药物、特定的生物制剂可以减少血小板细胞外囊泡的释放。血小板细胞外囊泡也可以作为载体将药物递送到靶向细胞。似乎我们可以尝试沉默或抑制血小板细胞外囊泡携带的 microRNA 的转录，并调节靶细胞来治疗自身免疫性疾病，因为血小板细胞外囊泡可以将 microRNA 转移到其他细胞中，从而调节免疫炎症反应。希望这里提供的信息能为自身免疫性疾病患者带来希望。
