Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 24;12:566299. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.566299. eCollection 2021.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players in autoimmune diseases, both in disease pathogenesis and as potential treatments. EVs can transport autoimmune triggers throughout the body, facilitating the process of antigen presentation. Understanding the link between cellular stress and EV biogenesis and intercellular trafficking will advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases. In addition, EVs can also be effective treatments for autoimmune diseases. The diversity of cell types that produce EVs leads to a wide range of molecules to be present in EVs, and thus EVs have a wide range of physiological effects. EVs derived from dendritic cells or mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to reduce inflammation. Since many autoimmune treatments are focused only on symptom management, EVs present a promising avenue for potential treatments. This review looks at the different roles EVs can play in autoimmune diseases, from disease pathology to diagnosis and treatment. We also overview various methodologies in isolating or generating EVs and look to the future for possible applications of EVs in autoimmune diseases.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）在自身免疫性疾病中扮演着重要角色，既参与疾病的发病机制，又作为潜在的治疗手段。EVs 可以将自身免疫触发物运输到全身，促进抗原呈递过程。了解细胞应激与 EV 生物发生和细胞间运输之间的联系将有助于我们深入理解自身免疫性疾病。此外，EVs 也可以作为自身免疫性疾病的有效治疗方法。产生 EVs 的细胞类型多样性导致 EVs 中存在多种分子，因此 EVs 具有广泛的生理效应。已经证明，源自树突状细胞或间充质干细胞的 EVs 可以减轻炎症。由于许多自身免疫治疗方法仅侧重于症状管理，因此 EVs 为潜在治疗提供了一个有前途的途径。本文综述了 EVs 在自身免疫性疾病中的不同作用，从疾病发病机制到诊断和治疗。我们还概述了分离或生成 EVs 的各种方法，并展望了 EVs 在自身免疫性疾病中的未来应用。
