Tous-Fandos Alba, Gallinger Jannicke, Enting Arnoud, Chamorro-Lorenzo Lourdes, Sans Serra F Xavier, Ninkovic Velemir
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 7;14:1186425. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186425. eCollection 2023.
The effect of cultivar mixtures on aphid control is attributed to the masking or alteration of host-preferred cultivar odor cues. However, the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear. This study assessed alterations in the volatile emissions of wheat cultivars grown together (Florence-Aurora and Forment; Florence-Aurora and Montcada) and the consequences for the olfactory preference of aphids. Volatile organic compounds were collected from wheat plants grown in a laboratory under mixed or monoculture conditions and subsequently analyzed. The odor profiles of Florence-Aurora and Montcada were indistinguishable from each other. However, the odors of Florence-Aurora and Forment grown in monocultures differed significantly from those emitted by their mixture. The Florence-Aurora and Forment mixture induced plant physiological responses that affected the emission of single volatile compounds and, consequently, altered volatile organic compound ratios. English grain aphids () were less attracted to the odors of Florence-Aurora and Forment when grown as a mixture than the combination of the odors from Florence-Aurora and Forment monocultures. Moreover, aphids preferred clean air over the odor from the Florence-Aurora and Forment mixture but preferred the odor from the Florence-Aurora and Montcada mixture over clean air. This study highlights the beneficial effects of intraspecific plant diversity on aphid control by altering plant odors in response to plant-plant interactions. The emission of less attractive odor cues consequently affects plant-aphid interactions; hence, less attractive odors are likely to impair aphid host-locating behavior. This effect was exclusive to certain cultivar mixtures, which supports the "right neighbor" concept.
品种混合对蚜虫防治的效果归因于宿主偏好品种气味线索的掩盖或改变。然而，其潜在的生理机制仍不清楚。本研究评估了共同种植的小麦品种（佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特；佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和蒙卡达）挥发性排放的变化及其对蚜虫嗅觉偏好的影响。从实验室在混合或单作条件下种植的小麦植株中收集挥发性有机化合物，随后进行分析。佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和蒙卡达的气味特征彼此无法区分。然而，单作种植的佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特的气味与它们混合种植时散发的气味有显著差异。佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特的混合种植诱导了植物生理反应，影响了单一挥发性化合物的排放，从而改变了挥发性有机化合物的比例。与佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特单作气味的组合相比，混合种植时英国谷物蚜虫对佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特的气味吸引力较小。此外，蚜虫相对于佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和福尔门特混合种植的气味更喜欢清洁空气，但相对于清洁空气更喜欢佛罗伦萨 - 奥罗拉和蒙卡达混合种植的气味。本研究强调了种内植物多样性通过响应植物 - 植物相互作用改变植物气味对蚜虫防治的有益作用。散发吸引力较小的气味线索因此影响植物 - 蚜虫相互作用；因此，吸引力较小的气味可能会损害蚜虫的宿主定位行为。这种效应仅在某些品种混合中存在，这支持了“合适邻居”的概念。
