Westermeyer J
J Psychiatr Res. 1986;20(2):103-13. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(86)90010-5.
An exploratory cross-cultural study was undertaken of two widely used self-rating scales: the Zung and the Depression Scale on the 90 Item Symptom Checklist, or SCL-Depression. Both scales were translated into Hmong and tested in two samples of Hmong refugees in the U.S.A. One sample (n = 86) consisted of a field survey of all Hmong people living in Minnesota. Of the 86, 15 sought treatment and were diagnosed as having major depression during the year following their self rating, so that a comparison of patients' scores with nonpatients' scores was possible. The other sample consisted of another 51 Hmong psychiatric patients with major depression. This second group was also assessed by four psychiatric rating scales (i.e. Hamilton Depression Scale, brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Inpatient Multidimensional Rating Scale, and Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation) and two measures of treatment intensity (i.e. number of visits, duration of treatment). In the general Hmong population (n = 86), both self-rating scales were highly intercorrelated, and strongly associated with patient status. In the patient sample (n = 51), only the SCL-Depression showed any correlations with psychiatric rating scales or with treatment variables. This is contrary to the anticipated outcome, as it had been expected that the Zung would perform better than the SCL-Depression. In addition, duration of treatment was inversely correlated with the SCL-Depression, also opposite to our prediction. Probable causes for these unexpected results are presented. An item analysis was undertaken, comparing 71 Hmong survey subjects who were not treated for depression with 51 Hmong psychiatric patients who were treated for depression. Most Zung and SCL-Depression items showed significantly higher symptom levels in the depressed patients. However, non-depressed controls unexpectedly reported significantly higher symptom levels on certain items. No significant differences were observed on several Zung and SCL items. These unexpected findings are discussed in light of the refugee's adjustment and experience.
zung量表和90项症状自评量表中的抑郁量表，即SCL - 抑郁量表。这两种量表都被翻译成苗语，并在美国的两个苗族难民样本中进行了测试。一个样本（n = 86）包括对居住在明尼苏达州的所有苗族居民的实地调查。在这86人中，有15人寻求治疗，并在自评后的一年内被诊断为患有重度抑郁症，因此可以将患者的分数与非患者的分数进行比较。另一个样本由另外51名患有重度抑郁症的苗族精神病患者组成。第二组还通过四个精神病评定量表（即汉密尔顿抑郁量表、简明精神病评定量表、住院患者多维评定量表和住院患者评估护士观察量表）以及两种治疗强度测量方法（即就诊次数、治疗持续时间）进行了评估。在一般苗族人群（n = 86）中，两种自评量表高度相互关联，并且与患者状态密切相关。在患者样本（n = 51）中，只有SCL - 抑郁量表与精神病评定量表或治疗变量有任何相关性。这与预期结果相反，因为原本预计zung量表的表现会优于SCL - 抑郁量表。此外，治疗持续时间与SCL - 抑郁量表呈负相关，这也与我们的预测相反。文中呈现了这些意外结果的可能原因。进行了一项项目分析，将71名未接受抑郁症治疗的苗族调查对象与51名接受抑郁症治疗的苗族精神病患者进行了比较。大多数zung量表和SCL - 抑郁量表项目在抑郁症患者中显示出明显更高的症状水平。然而，非抑郁症对照组在某些项目上意外地报告了明显更高的症状水平。在几个zung量表和SCL项目上未观察到显著差异。根据难民的适应情况和经历对这些意外发现进行了讨论。
