Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Microbiol. 2021 Nov;23(11):7201-7213. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15791. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
Early life microbiome perturbations can have important effects on host development, physiology and behaviour. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the impact of early feeding on gut microbiome colonization in neonatal piglets. Early-fed (EF) piglets had access to a customized fibrous diet from 2 days after birth until weaning in addition to mother's milk, whereas control piglets suckled mother's milk only. Rectal swabs were collected at multiple time points until 6 weeks of age to investigate microbiota development using 16S rRNA gene profiling. The dynamic pre-weaning microbiota colonization was followed by a relatively stable post-weaning microbiota, represented by Prevotella, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Megasphaera, Catenibacterium and Subdoligranulum. EF piglets showed an accelerated microbiota maturation, characterized by increased microbial diversity, pre-weaning emergence of post-weaning-associated microbes and a more rapid decline of typical pre-weaning microbes. Furthermore, the individual eating behaviour scores of piglets quantitatively correlated with their accelerated microbiome. Importantly, EF piglets displayed a smoother relative weight gain and tended to reach a higher relative weight gain, in addition to reduced diarrhoea scores in the first week post-weaning. Overall, these findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of early feeding on microbiota development as well as pig health and performance during the weaning transition.
早期生活微生物组的扰动会对宿主的发育、生理和行为产生重要影响。在这项纵向研究中，我们评估了早期喂养对新生仔猪肠道微生物组定植的影响。早期喂养（EF）仔猪除了母乳外，还可以从出生后 2 天开始接触到定制的纤维饮食，而对照组仔猪仅吸食母乳。在 6 周龄之前，我们通过 16S rRNA 基因谱分析，在多个时间点收集直肠拭子，以研究微生物群的发展。在断奶前，动态的微生物群定植随后是相对稳定的断奶后微生物群，代表菌为普雷沃氏菌属、罗氏菌属、粪杆菌属、真杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属、巨球形菌属、拟杆菌属和 Subdoligranulum 属。EF 仔猪表现出加速的微生物成熟，其特征是微生物多样性增加，断奶后相关微生物在断奶前出现，以及典型的断奶前微生物迅速减少。此外，仔猪的个体进食行为评分与它们加速的微生物组呈定量相关。重要的是，EF 仔猪在断奶后第一周的体重增加更为平稳，体重增加趋势更高，同时腹泻评分也更低。总的来说，这些发现表明早期喂养对微生物组的发展以及仔猪在断奶过渡期的健康和性能有有益的影响。
