van der Gaast Koen, Jansma Jan Eelco, Wertheim-Heck Sigrid
Food and Healthy Living Group, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Arboretum West 98, Almere, 1325 WB The Netherlands.
Urban Economics Group (UEC), Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen, 6706 KN The Netherlands.
Agric Human Values. 2023 Apr 11:1-16. doi: 10.1007/s10460-023-10425-7.
Cities increasingly envision sustainable future food systems. The realization of such futures is often understood from a planning perspective, leaving the role of entrepreneurship out of scope. The city of Almere in the Netherlands provides a telling example. In the neighborhood Almere Oosterwold, residents must use 50% of their plot for urban agriculture. The municipality formulated an ambition that over time, 10% off all food consumed in Almere must be produced in Oosterwold. In this study, we assume the development of urban agriculture in Oosterwold is an entrepreneurial process, i.e. a creative (re)organization that is ongoing and intervenes in daily life. To understand how this entrepreneurial process helps to realize sustainable food futures, this paper explores what futures for urban agriculture residents of Oosterwold prefer and deem possible and how these futures are organized in the present. We use futuring to explore possible and preferable images of the future, and to backcast those images to the present day. Our findings show residents have different perspectives of the future. Furthermore, they are capable in formulating specific actions to obtain the futures they prefer, but have trouble committing to the actions themselves. We argue this is the result of a temporal dissonance, a myopia where residents have trouble looking beyond their own situation. It shows imagined futures must fit with the lived experiences of citizens in order to be realized. We conclude that urban food futures need planning and entrepreneurship to be realized since they are complementary social processes.
城市越来越多地设想可持续的未来食品系统。这种未来的实现通常是从规划的角度来理解的，而创业的作用则不在考虑范围内。荷兰的阿尔梅勒市就是一个典型的例子。在阿尔梅勒·奥斯特沃尔德社区，居民必须将其地块的50%用于城市农业。市政府制定了一个目标，即随着时间的推移，阿尔梅勒所有消费食品的10%必须在奥斯特沃尔德生产。在本研究中，我们假设奥斯特沃尔德城市农业的发展是一个创业过程，即一个持续进行并干预日常生活的创造性（重新）组织过程。为了理解这个创业过程如何有助于实现可持续的食品未来，本文探讨了奥斯特沃尔德的城市农业居民更喜欢并认为有可能实现的未来是什么样的，以及这些未来在当下是如何组织的。我们运用未来研究法来探索未来可能的和更可取的图景，并将这些图景回溯到当下。我们的研究结果表明，居民对未来有不同的看法。此外，他们有能力制定具体行动来实现他们更喜欢的未来，但在将这些行动付诸实践方面存在困难。我们认为这是时间失调的结果，即一种近视，居民难以超越自身情况去展望未来。这表明，想象中的未来必须与公民的生活经历相契合才能实现。我们得出结论，城市食品未来的实现需要规划和创业，因为它们是相辅相成的社会过程。
