Laboratoire de Virologie et Mycobactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 86021 Poitiers, France.
Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epitheliaux et Cytokines, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jun 6;21(6):348. doi: 10.3390/md21060348.
Even after hundreds of clinical trials, the search for new antivirals to treat COVID-19 is still relevant. Carrageenans are seaweed sulfated polysaccharides displaying antiviral activity against a wide range of respiratory viruses. The objective of this work was to study the antiviral properties of and carrageenans against SARS-CoV-2. Six polysaccharide fractions obtained from and by Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) or Hot Water Extraction (HWE) were tested. The effect of carrageenan on viral replication was assessed during infection of human airway epithelial cells with a clinical strain of SARS-CoV-2. The addition of carrageenans at different times of the infection helped to determine their mechanism of antiviral action. The four polysaccharide fractions isolated from displayed antiviral properties while the fractions did not. EAE-purified fractions caused a stronger reduction in viral RNA concentration. Their antiviral action is likely related to an inhibition of the virus attachment to the cell surface. This study confirms that carrageenans could be used as first-line treatment in the respiratory mucosa to inhibit the infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Low production costs, low cytotoxicity, and a broad spectrum of antiviral properties constitute the main strengths of these natural molecules.
尽管已经进行了数百项临床试验，但寻找治疗 COVID-19 的新抗病毒药物仍然具有现实意义。卡拉胶是一种具有抗病毒活性的海藻硫酸多糖，能够抵抗多种呼吸道病毒。本研究旨在研究角叉菜胶和角叉菜胶对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗病毒特性。通过酶辅助提取 (EAE) 或热水提取 (HWE) 从角叉菜胶和角叉菜胶中获得了六种多糖级分。在人呼吸道上皮细胞感染 SARS-CoV-2 的临床分离株的过程中，测试了角叉胶对抗病毒复制的影响。添加角叉胶的时间不同有助于确定其抗病毒作用的机制。从角叉菜胶中分离出的四种多糖级分具有抗病毒特性，而角叉菜胶级分则没有。EAE 纯化级分可显著降低病毒 RNA 浓度。它们的抗病毒作用可能与抑制病毒与细胞表面的附着有关。本研究证实，角叉胶可作为呼吸道黏膜的一线治疗药物，以抑制 SARS-CoV-2 的感染和传播。低生产成本、低细胞毒性和广谱抗病毒特性是这些天然分子的主要优势。
