CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
REQUIMTE/LAQV-Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jun 19;21(6):365. doi: 10.3390/md21060365.
is a genus of microalgae widely recognized as potential sources of distinct lipids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These may be obtained through extraction, which has conventionally been performed using hazardous organic solvents. To substitute such solvents with "greener" alternatives, several technologies have been studied to increase their extraction potential. Distinct technologies utilize different principles to achieve such objective; while some aim at disrupting the cell walls of the microalgae, others target the extraction per se. While some methods have been utilized independently, several technologies have also been combined, which has proven to be an effective strategy. The current review focuses on the technologies explored in the last five years to extract or increase extraction yields of fatty acids from microalgae. Depending on the extraction efficacy of the different technologies, distinct types of lipids and/or fatty acids are obtained accordingly. Moreover, the extraction efficiency may vary depending on the species. Hence, a case-by-case assessment must be conducted in order to ascertain the most suited technology, or tailor a specific one, to be applied to recover a particular fatty acid (or fatty acid class), namely PUFA, including eicosapentaenoic acid.
是一种微藻属，被广泛认为是独特脂质（特别是多不饱和脂肪酸）的潜在来源。这些脂质可以通过提取获得，传统上使用危险的有机溶剂进行提取。为了用“更环保”的替代品替代这些溶剂，已经研究了几种技术来提高它们的提取潜力。不同的技术利用不同的原理来实现这一目标；有些旨在破坏微藻的细胞壁，而另一些则针对提取本身。虽然一些方法已经独立使用，但也有几种技术已经结合使用，事实证明这是一种有效的策略。本综述重点介绍了过去五年中探索的从微藻中提取或增加脂肪酸提取产量的技术。根据不同技术的提取效果，可以获得不同类型的脂质和/或脂肪酸。此外，提取效率可能因物种而异。因此，必须进行具体情况具体分析，以确定最适合的技术，或定制特定的技术，以应用于回收特定的脂肪酸（或脂肪酸类），即多不饱和脂肪酸，包括二十碳五烯酸。
