Direito Rosa, Barbalho Sandra Maria, Figueira Maria Eduardo, Minniti Giulia, de Carvalho Gabriel Magno, de Oliveira Zanuso Bárbara, de Oliveira Dos Santos Ana Rita, de Góes Corrêa Natália, Rodrigues Victória Dogani, de Alvares Goulart Ricardo, Guiguer Elen Landgraf, Araújo Adriano Cressoni, Bosso Henrique, Fornari Laurindo Lucas
Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Metabolites. 2023 Jun 6;13(6):728. doi: 10.3390/metabo13060728.
Ongoing research explores the underlying causes of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Many experts suggest that dysbiosis in the gut microbiota and genetic, immunological, and environmental factors play significant roles. The term "microbiota" pertains to the collective community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that reside within the gastrointestinal tract, with a particular emphasis on the colon. When there is an imbalance or disruption in the composition of the gut microbiota, it is referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can trigger inflammation in the intestinal cells and disrupt the innate immune system, leading to oxidative stress, redox signaling, electrophilic stress, and inflammation. The Nod-like Receptor (NLR) Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator found in immunological and epithelial cells, is crucial in inducing inflammatory diseases, promoting immune responses to the gut microbiota, and regulating the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. Its downstream effectors include caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of 13 medicinal plants, such as , , , , and , and 29 phytocompounds such as artemisitene, morroniside, protopine, ferulic acid, quercetin, picroside II, and hydroxytyrosol on in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a focus on their effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. The observed effects of these treatments included reductions in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and caspase levels, and increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as regulation of gut microbiota. These effects could potentially provide substantial advantages in treating IBD with few or no adverse effects as caused by synthetic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulated drugs. However, additional research is necessary to validate these findings clinically and to develop effective treatments that can benefit individuals who suffer from these diseases.
正在进行的研究探索了溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的潜在病因。许多专家认为，肠道微生物群失调以及遗传、免疫和环境因素起着重要作用。“微生物群”一词指的是存在于胃肠道内的微生物的集体群落，包括细菌、病毒和真菌，尤其侧重于结肠。当肠道微生物群的组成出现失衡或紊乱时，就称为生态失调。生态失调会引发肠道细胞炎症，扰乱先天免疫系统，导致氧化应激、氧化还原信号传导、亲电应激和炎症。含NOD样受体（NLR）家族吡啉结构域3（NLRP3）炎性小体是在免疫细胞和上皮细胞中发现的关键调节因子，在诱导炎症性疾病、促进对肠道微生物群的免疫反应以及调节肠道上皮完整性方面至关重要。其下游效应分子包括半胱天冬酶-1和白细胞介素（IL）-1β。本研究调查了13种药用植物（如 、 、 、 、 和 ）以及29种植物化合物（如青蒿素、莫诺苷、原阿片碱、阿魏酸、槲皮素、胡黄连苷II和羟基酪醇）对炎症性肠病（IBD）体外和体内模型的治疗潜力，重点关注它们对NLRP3炎性小体的影响。这些治疗所观察到的效果包括IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-6、干扰素-γ和半胱天冬酶水平降低，抗氧化酶、IL-4和IL-10的表达增加，以及肠道微生物群的调节。这些效果可能在治疗IBD方面提供实质性优势，且几乎没有或没有合成抗炎和免疫调节药物所引起的不良反应。然而，需要进一步的研究来在临床上验证这些发现，并开发出能使患有这些疾病的个体受益的有效治疗方法。
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