Pimentel Pedro Antônio Bronhara, Giuliano Antonio, Bęczkowski Paweł Marek, Horta Rodrigo Dos Santos
Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 5;10(6):387. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10060387.
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a relatively common neoplasia, occurring mainly in the skin, spleen, liver and right atrium. Despite the numerous studies investigating the treatment of canine HSA, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved in the last 20 years. Advancements in genetic and molecular profiling presented molecular similarities between canine HSA and human angiosarcoma. It could therefore serve as a valuable model for investigating new and more effective treatments in people and dogs. The most common genetic abnormalities in canine HSA have been found in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) pathways. Mutations are also found in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Known abnormal protein expression could be exploited to trial new target treatments that could be beneficial for both canine and human patients. Despite the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), no correlation with overall survival time has ever been found. In this review, we explore the most recent developments in molecular profiling in canine HSA and discuss their possible applications in the prognosis and treatment of this fatal disease.
犬血管肉瘤（HSA）是一种相对常见的肿瘤，主要发生于皮肤、脾脏、肝脏和右心房。尽管已有众多关于犬HSA治疗的研究，但在过去20年里，其生存率并未取得显著改善。基因和分子图谱分析的进展揭示了犬HSA与人类血管肉瘤之间的分子相似性。因此，它可作为研究人和犬新的更有效治疗方法的宝贵模型。犬HSA中最常见的基因异常存在于磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚基α（PIK3CA）和神经母细胞瘤RAS病毒癌基因同源物（NRAS）通路中。肿瘤蛋白p53（TP53）、磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）以及细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2A（CDKN2A）中也发现有突变。已知的异常蛋白表达可用于试验对犬类和人类患者均有益的新靶向治疗方法。尽管血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体（VEGFR）表达水平较高，但从未发现其与总生存时间存在相关性。在本综述中，我们探讨了犬HSA分子图谱分析的最新进展，并讨论了它们在这种致命疾病的预后和治疗中的可能应用。
