Zech Astrid
Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Seidelstr. 20, 07749, Jena, Deutschland.
Orthopadie (Heidelb). 2023 Aug;52(8):626-630. doi: 10.1007/s00132-023-04407-0. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
The development of individual gait and running patterns is influenced by internal (anatomical, anthropometric) and external (activity-related, environmental) factors. The predominantly used rearfoot running style is mainly attributed to the use of cushioned shoes, although from an anthropological perspective running barefoot, and thus running forefoot, is considered to be more natural. Numerous studies have shown a long-term influence of habitual footwear use on foot morphology, running biomechanics and basic motor skills. It has further been shown that an acute change in footwear, e.g. by running barefoot, immediately changes kinematics and vertical load parameters. However, to date, there is no strong evidence for an influence of habitual footwear use or footstrike patterns on the prevalence of injuries or physical complaints.
个体步态和跑步模式的发展受到内部（解剖学、人体测量学）和外部（与活动相关、环境）因素的影响。尽管从人类学角度来看，赤脚跑步（即前脚掌着地跑步）被认为更自然，但目前主要使用的后脚跟跑步方式主要归因于缓冲鞋的使用。大量研究表明，习惯性穿鞋对足部形态、跑步生物力学和基本运动技能具有长期影响。进一步的研究表明，鞋类的急性变化，例如赤脚跑步，会立即改变运动学和垂直负荷参数。然而，迄今为止，尚无有力证据表明习惯性穿鞋或着地方式对受伤率或身体不适有影响。
