Mulyani Dinda Exelsa, Maksum Iman Permana
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jun 12;13(12):2035. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13122035.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. This disease is so serious that many experts refer to it as the "silent killer". The early detection of diabetes mellitus, whether type 1, type 2 or mitochondrial, is crucial because it can improve the success of treatment and the quality of life for patients. Aptamer-based biosensor diagnosis methods have been widely developed because they have high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting biomarkers of various diseases. Aptamers are short sequences of oligonucleotides or proteins that recognize specific ligands and bind to various target molecules, ranging from small ions to large proteins. They are promising diagnostic molecules due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of modification, low toxicity, and high stability. This article aims to summarize the progress of detection methods, including detection principles, sensitivity, selectivity, and the performance of detection devices, to distinguish between types of diabetes mellitus using electrochemical aptasensors with biomarkers such as glucose, insulin, HbA1c, GHSA, and ATP.
糖尿病（DM）是一种以血糖水平升高为特征的代谢紊乱疾病。这种疾病非常严重，许多专家将其称为“无声杀手”。糖尿病的早期检测，无论是1型、2型还是线粒体糖尿病，都至关重要，因为它可以提高治疗成功率并改善患者的生活质量。基于适配体的生物传感器诊断方法已得到广泛发展，因为它们在检测各种疾病的生物标志物方面具有高灵敏度和选择性。适配体是寡核苷酸或蛋白质的短序列，可识别特定配体并与各种靶分子结合，从小离子到大蛋白质不等。由于其高灵敏度和选择性、易于修饰、低毒性和高稳定性，它们是很有前景的诊断分子。本文旨在总结检测方法的进展，包括检测原理、灵敏度、选择性以及检测设备的性能，以使用具有葡萄糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、生长激素释放肽和三磷酸腺苷等生物标志物的电化学适配体传感器来区分糖尿病类型。
