Liu Shixian, Shen Zhuping, Deng Liping, Liu Guozhen
School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Aug 1;209:114251. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114251. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
Diabetes is a chronic disease with metabolic disorders. Prediabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose levels are not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes, but insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are simultaneously present. Glucose and insulin are important biomarkers for diagnosing diabetes/prediabetes. It is critical and essential to monitor glucose and insulin levels to achieve the early and precise diagnosis, timely prevention and scientific management of diabetes/prediabetes. Here, an electrochemical aptasensor on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was developed for non-invasive simultaneous real-time detection of glucose and insulin in saliva. Two thiolated aptamers specific to glucose and insulin, respectively, were fabricated onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated SPCE through Au-S bonds to form the sensing interface terminated with redox probes methylene blue (SPCE-AuNPs-GluApt-MB and SPCE-AuNPs-InsApt-MB). With the electrochemical signal readout on SPCE, the sensing interface responded to glucose linearly in the range of 0.1-50 mM with a detection limit of 0.08 mM, and responded linearly to insulin in the range of 0.05-15 nM with a detection limit of 0.85 nM. Integration of a SPCE based sensing interface with a portable wireless biochip, the continuous real-time detection of glucose and insulin in saliva was successfully realized with smartphone signal readout in a non-invasive way, demonstrating its potential as a non-invasive and reliable tool for precise diagnosis of diabetes/prediabetes in a point of care fashion.
糖尿病是一种伴有代谢紊乱的慢性疾病。糖尿病前期是指血糖水平不足以被诊断为糖尿病，但同时存在胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍的一种状态。葡萄糖和胰岛素是诊断糖尿病/糖尿病前期的重要生物标志物。监测葡萄糖和胰岛素水平对于实现糖尿病/糖尿病前期的早期精确诊断、及时预防和科学管理至关重要。在此，开发了一种基于丝网印刷碳电极（SPCE）的电化学适体传感器，用于无创同时实时检测唾液中的葡萄糖和胰岛素。分别将两种对葡萄糖和胰岛素具有特异性的硫醇化适体通过金硫键固定在装饰有金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的SPCE上，形成以氧化还原探针亚甲基蓝终止的传感界面（SPCE-AuNPs-GluApt-MB和SPCE-AuNPs-InsApt-MB）。通过SPCE上的电化学信号读出，传感界面在0.1-50 mM范围内对葡萄糖呈线性响应，检测限为0.08 mM，在0.05-15 nM范围内对胰岛素呈线性响应，检测限为0.85 nM。将基于SPCE的传感界面与便携式无线生物芯片集成，通过智能手机信号读出成功实现了唾液中葡萄糖和胰岛素的连续实时检测，以即时检测的方式证明了其作为糖尿病/糖尿病前期精确诊断的无创可靠工具的潜力。
