Yuorieva Natalya, Sinetova Maria, Messineva Ekaterina, Kulichenko Irina, Fomenkov Artem, Vysotskaya Olga, Osipova Ekaterina, Baikalova Angela, Prudnikova Olga, Titova Maria, Nosov Alexander V, Popova Elena
K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 9;12(6):838. doi: 10.3390/biology12060838.
Ex situ collections of algae, cyanobacteria, and plant materials (cell cultures, hairy and adventitious root cultures, shoots, etc.) maintained in vitro or in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C, LN) are valuable sources of strains with unique ecological and biotechnological traits. Such collections play a vital role in bioresource conservation, science, and industry development but are rarely covered in publications. Here, we provide an overview of five genetic collections maintained at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPPRAS) since the 1950-1970s using in vitro and cryopreservation approaches. These collections represent different levels of plant organization, from individual cells (cell culture collection) to organs (hairy and adventitious root cultures, shoot apices) to in vitro plants. The total collection holdings comprise more than 430 strains of algae and cyanobacteria, over 200 potato clones, 117 cell cultures, and 50 strains of hairy and adventitious root cultures of medicinal and model plant species. The IPPRAS plant cryobank preserves in LN over 1000 specimens of in vitro cultures and seeds of wild and cultivated plants belonging to 457 species and 74 families. Several algae and plant cell culture strains have been adapted for cultivation in bioreactors from laboratory (5-20-L) to pilot (75-L) to semi-industrial (150-630-L) scale for the production of biomass with high nutritive or pharmacological value. Some of the strains with proven biological activities are currently used to produce cosmetics and food supplements. Here, we provide an overview of the current collections' composition and major activities, their use in research, biotechnology, and commercial application. We also highlight the most interesting studies performed with collection strains and discuss strategies for the collections' future development and exploitation in view of current trends in biotechnology and genetic resources conservation.
保存在体外或液氮（-196°C，LN）中的藻类、蓝细菌和植物材料（细胞培养物、毛状根和不定根培养物、芽等）的异地收集物是具有独特生态和生物技术特性的菌株的宝贵来源。这类收集物在生物资源保护、科学和产业发展中发挥着至关重要的作用，但在出版物中很少被提及。在这里，我们概述了自20世纪50年代至70年代以来俄罗斯科学院植物生理研究所（IPPRAS）使用体外培养和冷冻保存方法保存的五个基因库。这些收集物代表了不同层次的植物组织，从单个细胞（细胞培养物收集库）到器官（毛状根和不定根培养物、茎尖）再到离体植物。收集物总数包括430多个藻类和蓝细菌菌株、200多个马铃薯克隆、117种细胞培养物以及50种药用和模式植物物种的毛状根和不定根培养物菌株。IPPRAS植物冷冻库在液氮中保存了属于457个物种和74个科的1000多个离体培养物标本以及野生和栽培植物的种子。几种藻类和植物细胞培养菌株已被调整用于从实验室规模（5-20升）到中试规模（75升）再到半工业规模（150-630升）的生物反应器中培养，以生产具有高营养价值或药理价值的生物质。一些已证实具有生物活性的菌株目前被用于生产化妆品和食品补充剂。在这里，我们概述了当前收集物的组成和主要活动、它们在研究、生物技术和商业应用中的用途。我们还重点介绍了利用收集菌株进行的最有趣的研究，并根据生物技术和遗传资源保护的当前趋势，讨论了这些收集物未来发展和利用的策略。
