Arya Prajya, Kumar Pradyuman
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur 148106, Punjab, India.
Foods. 2023 Jun 9;12(12):2330. doi: 10.3390/foods12122330.
Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as diosgenin, which is one of the most crucial steroidal sapogenins emerging in the field with its spectacular health benefits. Plant-based diosgenin is bitter in taste and has remarkably low consumption levels, making it unable to fulfil the role of improving health benefits. Diosgenin is spray dried to mask bitterness and astringent flavors with two different wall materials, such as maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein concentrate (WPC), separately. The spray-drying condition of the selected optimization process was inlet air temperature (IAT 150-170 °C), feed flow rate (FFR 300-500 mL/h), and carrier agent concentration (CAC 10-20%). The optimization of the process variable was conducted for producing optimized encapsulated diosgenin powder (EDP) with both MD and WPC. The selected parameters, such as yield, encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, antioxidant activity, hygroscopicity, and solubility, are investigated in this current work. Based on the experimental results, the significant R values depict the model fitting to the responses. EDP revealed an optimization condition at 170 °C IAT, 500 mL/h FFR, and 20% CAC for MD and WPC. The highest responses were observed with WPC-EDP, such as yield at 82.25%, encapsulation efficiency at 88.60%, antioxidant activity at 53.95%, and hygroscopicity at 12.64%. MD-EDP revealed higher solubility at 96.64% and moisture content at 2.58%. EDP was studied using micrographs and diffractograms for the optimized samples, which revealed a smooth and dented surface with an amorphous nature for MD-EDP and WPC-EDP, respectively. EDP exhibited acceptable powder properties with regard to fulfilling the set purpose. EDP can be a better potential ingredient in different food matrices to act as a delivery vehicle for various health aliments.
胡芦巴种子是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，如薯蓣皂苷元，它是该领域中出现的最重要的甾体皂苷元之一，具有显著的健康益处。植物来源的薯蓣皂苷元味道苦涩，食用水平极低，因此无法发挥改善健康的作用。分别用两种不同的壁材，如麦芽糊精（MD）和乳清蛋白浓缩物（WPC），对薯蓣皂苷元进行喷雾干燥以掩盖苦味和涩味。所选优化工艺的喷雾干燥条件为进风温度（IAT 150 - 170°C）、进料流速（FFR 300 - 500 mL/h）和载体剂浓度（CAC 10 - 20%）。对工艺变量进行优化以生产同时含有MD和WPC的优化包封薯蓣皂苷元粉末（EDP）。在当前工作中研究了所选参数，如产率、包封效率、水分含量、抗氧化活性、吸湿性和溶解度。基于实验结果，显著的R值表明模型与响应相拟合。对于MD和WPC，EDP在170°C进风温度、500 mL/h进料流速和20%载体剂浓度下显示出优化条件。WPC - EDP观察到最高响应，如产率为82.25%、包封效率为88.60%、抗氧化活性为53.95%和吸湿性为12.64%。MD - EDP显示出更高的溶解度，为96.64%，水分含量为2.58%。使用显微镜照片和衍射图对优化后的样品进行了EDP研究，结果分别显示MD - EDP表面光滑且有凹陷，呈非晶态，WPC - EDP表面光滑且有凹陷，呈非晶态。就实现既定目的而言，EDP表现出可接受的粉末特性。EDP在不同食品基质中可能是一种更好的潜在成分，可作为各种健康食品的递送载体。
