Kuan Garry, Morris Tony, Kueh Yee Cheng, Terry Peter C
Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
College of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 5;9:14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00014. eCollection 2018.
Music that is carefully selected to match the requirements of activities and the characteristics of individuals has been shown to produce significant impacts on performance enhancement (Priest et al., 2004). There is also evidence that music can enhance imagery (Grocke and Wigram, 2007), although few studies have investigated the effects of music on imagery in the context of sport skills. In the present study, the effects of relaxing and arousing music during imagery on dart-throwing performance, physiological arousal indices, and competitive state anxiety, were investigated among 63 novice dart throwers. Participants had moderate-to-high imagery ability and were randomly assigned to unfamiliar relaxing music (URM), unfamiliar arousing music (UAM), or no music (NM) groups. Performance was assessed by 40 dart throws at a concentric circles dartboard before and after 12 imagery sessions over 4 weeks. Measures of galvanic skin response (GSR), peripheral temperature (PT), and heart rate (HR) were taken during imagery sessions 1 and 12, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) was administered prior to the pre- and post-intervention performance task. Dart-throwing gain scores were significantly higher for URM than for UAM and NM, with no significant difference between UAM and NM (URM = 37.24 ± 5.66, UAM = 17.57 ± 5.30, and NM = 13.19 ± 6.14, = 5.03, = 0.01, η = 0.14). GSR, PT, and HR reflected lower arousal for URM than for UAM or NM. Significant decreases in somatic anxiety were evident for URM and UAM but not NM. Significant decreases in cognitive anxiety were evident for URM and NM but not UAM. Significant increases in self-confidence were evident for URM but not UAM or NM. Performance improved in all three conditions but URM was associated with the largest performance gain, the lowest physiological indices of arousal, and the most positive CSAI-2R profiles. Listening to relaxing music during imagery may have benefits for performance in other fine motor skills.
精心挑选以符合活动要求和个人特点的音乐已被证明对提高表现有显著影响（普里斯特等人，2004年）。也有证据表明音乐可以增强表象（格罗克和威格拉姆，2007年），尽管很少有研究在运动技能背景下调查音乐对表象的影响。在本研究中，对63名新手飞镖投掷者进行了调查，研究在表象过程中放松和激昂的音乐对飞镖投掷表现、生理唤醒指标和竞技状态焦虑的影响。参与者具有中度至高表象能力，并被随机分配到不熟悉的放松音乐（URM）组、不熟悉的激昂音乐（UAM）组或无音乐（NM）组。在4周内进行12次表象训练前后，通过在同心圆镖盘上投掷40次飞镖来评估表现。在表象训练第1次和第12次时测量皮肤电反应（GSR）、外周温度（PT）和心率（HR），并在干预前和干预后的表现任务之前进行修订后的竞技状态焦虑量表-2（CSAI-2R）测试。URM组的飞镖投掷增益分数显著高于UAM组和NM组，UAM组和NM组之间无显著差异（URM = 37.24 ± 5.66，UAM = 17.57 ± 5.30，NM = 13.19 ± 6.14，F = 5.03，p = 0.01，η² = 0.14）。GSR、PT和HR显示URM组的唤醒水平低于UAM组或NM组。URM组和UAM组的躯体焦虑显著降低，但NM组未降低。URM组和NM组的认知焦虑显著降低，但UAM组未降低。URM组的自信心显著提高，但UAM组和NM组未提高。在所有三种情况下表现都有所改善，但URM组与最大的表现增益、最低的生理唤醒指标以及最积极的CSAI-2R特征相关。在表象过程中听放松音乐可能对其他精细运动技能的表现有益。
