Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Klinikum Fulda and University Medicine Campus Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, 36043 Fulda, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 15;24(12):10196. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210196.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large group of pulmonary disorders characterized histologically by the cardinal involvement of the pulmonary interstitium. The prototype of ILDs is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an incurable disease characterized by progressive distortion and loss of normal lung architecture through unchecked collagen deposition. Acute exacerbations are dramatic events during the clinical course of ILDs, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Infections, microaspiration, and advanced lung disease might be involved in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbations. Despite clinical scores, the prediction of the onset and outcome of acute exacerbations is still inaccurate. Biomarkers are necessary to characterize acute exacerbations better. We review the evidence for alveolar epithelial cell, fibropoliferation, and immunity molecules as potential biomarkers for acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease.
间质性肺疾病（ILDs）是一组以肺间质主要受累为特征的肺部疾病，病理学表现为肺间质的弥漫性炎症和纤维化。ILDs 的典型代表是特发性肺纤维化（IPF），这是一种不可治愈的疾病，其特征是不受控制的胶原沉积导致正常肺组织结构的进行性破坏和丧失。急性加重是ILDs 病程中的一个严重事件，与高发病率和死亡率相关。感染、微吸入和晚期肺部疾病可能参与了急性加重的发病机制。尽管有临床评分，但对急性加重的发生和结局的预测仍然不够准确。生物标志物对于更好地描述急性加重是必要的。我们综述了肺泡上皮细胞、纤维增生和免疫分子作为间质性肺疾病急性加重的潜在生物标志物的证据。
