Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 16;24(12):10216. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210216.
In human and veterinary medicine, serum proteins are considered to be useful biomarkers for assessing the health and nutritional status of the organism. Honeybee hemolymph has a unique proteome that could represent a source of valuable biomarkers. Therefore, the aims of this study were to separate and identify the most abundant proteins in the hemolymph of worker honeybees to suggest a panel of these proteins that could represent useful biomarkers for assessing the nutritional and health status of the colonies and, finally, to analyze them in different periods of the year. Four apiaries were selected in the province of Bologna, and the bees were analyzed in April, May, July, and November. Thirty specimens from three hives of each apiary were sampled and their hemolymph was collected. The most represented bands obtained after 1D sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were cut from the gel, and the proteins were identified using an LC-ESI-Q-MS/MS System. A total of twelve proteins were unmistakably identified; the two most abundant proteins were apolipophorin and vitellogenin, which are known biomarkers of bee trophic and health status. The two other proteins identified were transferrin and hexamerin 70a, the first being involved in iron homeostasis and the second being a storage protein. Most of these proteins showed an increase from April to November, mirroring the physiological changes of honeybees during the productive season. The current study suggests a panel of biomarkers from honeybee hemolymph worth testing under different physiological and pathological field conditions.
在人类和兽医医学中，血清蛋白被认为是评估生物体健康和营养状况的有用生物标志物。蜜蜂血淋巴具有独特的蛋白质组，可能代表有价值的生物标志物来源。因此，本研究的目的是分离和鉴定工蜂血淋巴中最丰富的蛋白质，提出一组可能代表评估蜂群营养和健康状况的有用生物标志物的蛋白质，并最终在不同的年份分析它们。在博洛尼亚省选择了四个养蜂场，并在 4 月、5 月、7 月和 11 月分析了蜜蜂。从每个养蜂场的三个蜂箱中采集了 30 个样本，并采集了它们的血淋巴。从 1D 十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS-PAGE) 获得的最具代表性的条带从凝胶中剪下，使用 LC-ESI-Q-MS/MS 系统鉴定蛋白质。共鉴定出 12 种蛋白质；两种最丰富的蛋白质是载脂蛋白和卵黄蛋白原，它们是蜜蜂营养和健康状况的已知生物标志物。另外两种鉴定出的蛋白质是转铁蛋白和六聚体 70a，前者参与铁稳态，后者是一种储存蛋白。这些蛋白质中的大多数从 4 月到 11 月呈上升趋势，反映了蜜蜂在生产季节的生理变化。本研究提出了一组来自蜜蜂血淋巴的生物标志物，值得在不同的生理和病理现场条件下进行测试。
