Białecka Natalia, Garbacz Klaudia, Berbeć Ewelina, Murawska Agnieszka, Madras-Majewska Beata, Migdał Paweł
Department of Bees Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38C Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
Apiculture Division, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 4;14(19):2857. doi: 10.3390/ani14192857.
Honey bees use pollen and nectar from flowers to produce food. Because they often forage on crops, they are at risk of being exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), both directly and in stored food. Due to the adverse effects of synthetic PPPs on pollinators, biopesticides may be a viable alternative. Common tansy extract is used as one of the natural substitutes for synthetic pesticides. In our study, the effect of fermented common tansy extract on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity and the concentration of triglycerides (TGs), total protein (TP), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glucose in honey bee workers' hemolymph was assessed. These biochemical markers give valuable information about the immunity, detoxification, and nutrition of a bee's body. Caged bees were given tansy extract added at various concentrations in sugar syrup for 24 h. Then, they were provided with only sugar syrup. After 7 days of the experiment, hemolymph was collected and analyzed. We observed changes in the activity of AST, ALT, GGTP enzymes and TG, TP, and glucose levels, but not all changes were statistically significant. In terms of AST activity, statistically significant differences were found. All groups tested, including the negative control group, showed reduced enzyme activity values compared to the positive control group. In TG concentration, differences were observed between the groups receiving 2% extract and 1% ethanol. Glucose levels differed between the groups receiving 1% extract and 2% extract and between the positive control group and 1% extract. Bee body proper functioning is affected by changes in enzyme activity, especially those responsible for immunity and detoxification, such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGTP. Despite the short time of bees' exposure to the agent, the results of study show visible effects. Our results provide a basis for further research on the impact of tansy extract on honey bees.
蜜蜂利用花朵中的花粉和花蜜来生产食物。由于它们经常在农作物上觅食，所以有直接或在储存食物中接触植物保护产品（PPPs）的风险。鉴于合成PPPs对传粉者有不利影响，生物农药可能是一种可行的替代品。普通艾菊提取物被用作合成农药的天然替代品之一。在我们的研究中，评估了发酵普通艾菊提取物对蜜蜂工蜂血淋巴中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGTP）活性以及甘油三酯（TGs）、总蛋白（TP）、总抗氧化状态（TAS）和葡萄糖浓度的影响。这些生化指标能提供有关蜜蜂身体免疫、解毒和营养的有价值信息。将关在笼中的蜜蜂喂食添加了不同浓度艾菊提取物的糖浆24小时。然后，只给它们提供糖浆。实验7天后，收集并分析血淋巴。我们观察到AST、ALT、GGTP酶活性以及TG、TP和葡萄糖水平发生了变化，但并非所有变化都具有统计学意义。就AST活性而言，发现了统计学上的显著差异。与阳性对照组相比，包括阴性对照组在内的所有测试组的酶活性值均降低。在TG浓度方面，接受2%提取物的组与接受1%乙醇的组之间存在差异。接受1%提取物的组与接受2%提取物的组之间以及阳性对照组与接受1%提取物的组之间葡萄糖水平存在差异。酶活性的变化，尤其是那些负责免疫和解毒的酶（如AST、ALT、ALP和GGTP）的变化，会影响蜜蜂身体的正常功能。尽管蜜蜂接触该药剂的时间较短，但研究结果显示出了明显的影响。我们的研究结果为进一步研究艾菊提取物对蜜蜂的影响提供了依据。
