Abola Iveta, Gudra Dita, Ustinova Maija, Fridmanis Davids, Emulina Darta Elizabete, Skadins Ingus, Brinkmane Anda, Lauga-Tunina Una, Gailite Linda, Auzenbaha Madara
Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Microorganisms. 2023 May 31;11(6):1471. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061471.
Some metabolic disorder treatments require patients to follow a specific diet or to consume supplements that, over time, can lead to oral microbiome alterations. Well-known disorders requiring such treatment are phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of amino acid metabolism, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), a metabolic disorder that requires a specific diet regimen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral health and microbiome characteristics that might contribute to caries activity and periodontal disease risk in PKU and T1D patients. In this cross-sectional study, 45 PKU patients, 24 T1D patients, and 61 healthy individuals between the ages of 12 and 53 years were examined. Their anamnestic data and dental status were assessed by one dentist. Microbial communities were detected from saliva-isolated DNA using gene V3-V4 sequencing on Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Results revealed that the PKU patient group displayed the highest number of extracted teeth (on average 1.34), carious teeth (on average 4.95), and carious activity (44.44% of individuals) compared to the T1D and CTRL groups. The lowest numbers of filled teeth (on average 5.33) and extracted teeth (on average 0.63) per individual were observed in T1D patients. Gingivitis appeared more often in the T1D group; however, possible risk of periodontal disease was seen in both the T1D and PKU patient groups. The highest number of differentially abundant genera was detected in the PKU group ( = 20), with enrichment of ( = 4.17 × 10), ( = 8.53 × 10), and ( = 1.18 × 10) compared to the CTRL group. In conclusion, the dental and periodontal health of PKU patients was found to be significantly inferior compared to T1D patients and healthy controls. T1D patients showed early signs of periodontal disease. Several genera that correlate with periodontal disease development were found in both groups, thus suggesting that T1D and PKU patients should seek early and regular dental advice and be educated about proper oral hygiene practices.
一些代谢紊乱疾病的治疗要求患者遵循特定饮食或服用补充剂，长期下来，这可能会导致口腔微生物群改变。需要此类治疗的常见疾病有苯丙酮尿症（PKU），一种先天性氨基酸代谢紊乱疾病，以及1型糖尿病（T1D），一种需要特定饮食方案的代谢紊乱疾病。因此，本研究的目的是调查可能导致PKU和T1D患者龋齿活动和牙周疾病风险的口腔健康和微生物群特征。在这项横断面研究中，对45名年龄在12至53岁之间的PKU患者、24名T1D患者和61名健康个体进行了检查。由一名牙医评估他们的既往病史数据和牙齿状况。在Illumina MiSeq测序平台上，使用基因V3-V4测序从唾液分离的DNA中检测微生物群落。结果显示，与T1D组和对照组相比，PKU患者组的拔牙数量最多（平均1.34颗）、龋齿数量最多（平均4.95颗）以及龋齿活动患者比例最高（44.44%）。T1D患者的人均补牙数量（平均5.33颗）和拔牙数量最少（平均0.63颗）。牙龈炎在T1D组中更为常见；然而，T1D和PKU患者组均存在牙周疾病的潜在风险。PKU组中检测到的差异丰富菌属数量最多（=20），与对照组相比， （=4.17×10）、 （=8.53×10）和 （=1.18×10）显著富集。总之，研究发现PKU患者的牙齿和牙周健康状况明显低于T1D患者和健康对照组。T1D患者出现了牙周疾病的早期迹象。两组中均发现了一些与牙周疾病发展相关的菌属，这表明T1D和PKU患者应尽早寻求定期牙科建议，并接受正确口腔卫生习惯的教育。
