Lyimu Wilfred Michael, Leta Samson, Everaert Nadia, Paeshuyse Jan
Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jun 19;11(6):1116. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061116.
Salmonellosis is a global food safety challenge caused by , a gram-negative bacterium of zoonotic importance. Poultry is considered a major reservoir for the pathogen, and humans are exposed through consumption of raw or undercooked products derived from them. Prophylaxis of in poultry farms generally mainly involves biosecurity measures, flock testing and culling, use of antibiotics, and vaccination programs. For decades, the use of antibiotics has been a common practice to limit poultry contamination with important pathogenic bacteria such as at the farm level. However, due to an increasing prevalence of resistance, non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal production has been banned in many parts of the world. This has prompted the search for non-antimicrobial alternatives. Live vaccines are among the developed and currently used methods for control. However, their mechanism of action, particularly the effect they might have on commensal gut microbiota, is not well understood. In this study, three different commercial live attenuated vaccines (AviPro Salmonella Vac T, AviPro Salmonella DUO, and AviPro Salmonella Vac E) were used to orally vaccinate broiler chickens, and cecal contents were collected for microbiomes analysis by 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to study the cecal immune-related genes expression in the treatment groups, while -specific antibodies were analyzed from sera and cecal extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We show that vaccination with live attenuated vaccines had a significant influence on the variability of the broiler cecal microbiota ( = 0.016). Furthermore, the vaccines AviPro Salmonella Vac T and AviPro Salmonella DUO, but not AviPro Salmonella Vac E, had a significant effect ( = 0.024) on microbiota composition. This suggests that the live vaccine type used can differently alter the microbiota profiles, driving the gut colonization resistance and immune responses to pathogenic bacteria, and might impact the overall chicken health and productivity. Further investigation is, however, required to confirm this.
沙门氏菌病是由一种具有人畜共患病重要性的革兰氏阴性菌引起的全球性食品安全挑战。家禽被认为是该病原体的主要储存宿主，人类通过食用来自家禽的生的或未煮熟的产品而接触到该病原体。家禽养殖场中预防沙门氏菌通常主要涉及生物安全措施、鸡群检测与扑杀、抗生素使用以及疫苗接种计划。几十年来，使用抗生素一直是在农场层面限制家禽被重要病原菌如沙门氏菌污染的常见做法。然而，由于耐药性的日益普遍，世界许多地区已禁止在动物生产中非治疗性使用抗生素。这促使人们寻找非抗菌替代品。活疫苗是已开发并目前用于控制沙门氏菌的方法之一。然而，它们的作用机制，尤其是它们可能对共生肠道微生物群产生的影响，尚未得到充分了解。在本研究中，使用三种不同的商业化活减毒沙门氏菌疫苗（AviPro Salmonella Vac T、AviPro Salmonella DUO和AviPro Salmonella Vac E）对肉鸡进行口服接种，并收集盲肠内容物通过16S rRNA下一代测序进行微生物群落分析。使用定量实时PCR（qPCR）研究各治疗组盲肠免疫相关基因的表达，同时通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）分析血清和盲肠提取物中的沙门氏菌特异性抗体。我们表明，用活减毒沙门氏菌疫苗接种对肉鸡盲肠微生物群的变异性有显著影响（P = 0.016）。此外，AviPro Salmonella Vac T和AviPro Salmonella DUO疫苗，但不包括AviPro Salmonella Vac E疫苗，对微生物群组成有显著影响（P = 0.024）。这表明所使用的活疫苗类型可以不同地改变微生物群谱，驱动肠道对病原菌的定植抗性和免疫反应，并可能影响鸡的整体健康和生产力。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这一点。
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