National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Addiction. 2023 Nov;118(11):2062-2072. doi: 10.1111/add.16274. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
We provide a narrative summary of research on changes in cannabis arrests, cannabis products and prices, cannabis use and cannabis-related harm since legalization.
We systematically searched for research on the impacts of cannabis legalization in Canada in PubMed, Embase, Statistics Canada and government websites and Google Scholar, published between 2006 and 2021.
Cannabis legalization in Canada has been followed by substantial reductions in cannabis-related arrests and cannabis prices. It has also increased adults' access to a diverse range of cannabis products, including edibles and extracts. The prevalence of cannabis use among young adults has increased, but there have been no marked increases or decreases in use among high school students or changes in the prevalence of daily or near-daily use. Legalization has been associated with increased adult hospital attendances for psychiatric distress and vomiting, unintentional ingestion of edible cannabis products by children and hospitalizations for cannabis use disorders in adults. There is conflicting evidence on whether cannabis-impaired driving has increased since legalization. There is suggestive evidence that presentations to emergency departments with psychoses and cannabis use disorders may have increased since legalization.
Legalization of cannabis in Canada appears to have reduced cannabis arrests and increased access to a variety of more potent cannabis products at lower prices. Since 2019, recent cannabis use in Canada has modestly increased among adults but not among adolescents. There is evidence of increased acute adverse effects of cannabis among adults and children.
我们提供了一份关于加拿大合法化后大麻逮捕、大麻产品和价格、大麻使用和与大麻相关危害变化的研究的叙述性总结。
我们在 PubMed、Embase、加拿大统计局和政府网站以及 Google Scholar 上系统地搜索了 2006 年至 2021 年期间关于加拿大大麻合法化影响的研究。
加拿大大麻合法化后，与大麻相关的逮捕和大麻价格大幅下降。它还增加了成年人获得各种大麻产品的机会，包括食用大麻和提取物。年轻人中大麻使用的流行率有所增加，但高中生中使用的流行率没有明显增加或减少，也没有改变每日或几乎每日使用的流行率。合法化与成年人因精神困扰和呕吐而到医院就诊的人数增加、儿童意外摄入食用大麻产品以及成年人因大麻使用障碍而住院的人数增加有关。关于自合法化以来，大麻致驾驶能力受损是否增加，证据存在冲突。有迹象表明，自合法化以来，因精神病和大麻使用障碍到急诊科就诊的人数可能有所增加。
加拿大大麻合法化似乎降低了大麻逮捕率，并增加了以更低价格获得各种更有效大麻产品的机会。自 2019 年以来，加拿大成年人中最近的大麻使用略有增加，但青少年中没有增加。有证据表明，成年人和儿童中与大麻相关的急性不良影响有所增加。
