Jiang Qiu, Wang Ling-Na, Liu Yan, Liu Qian, Yang Ran, Zhang Yong-Qing
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Jun;48(12):3269-3280. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230113.201.
Bombyx Batryticatus is a precious traditional Chinese animal drug commonly used in clinical practice in China, which has the effects of extinguishing wind, stopping convulsions, dispelling wind, relieving pain, resolving phlegm, and dissipating mass. The processing of Bombyx Batryticatus has a long history. As early as in the Liu Song period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a record of the processing of Bombyx Batryticatus with rice swill. In addition to the processing with bran, honey bran, and ginger juice, which are still used today, there are also processing methods such as rendering, flour processing, wine processing, salt processing, oil processing, charcoal, and red dates processing in ancient times. After processing, the fishy smell of Bombyx Batryticatus can be removed, and avoid nausea and vomiting caused by the direct taking. Furthermore, processing can also facilitate the removal of surface hairs and toxicity reduction, making the medicinal material crispy and easy to crush. Previous studies have shown that the main chemical constituents of Bombyx Batryticatus include protein polypeptides, sterols, and flavonoids, with anticonvulsant, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, anti-cancer, hypnotic, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological effects. This paper reviewed the processing historical evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of Bombyx Batryticatus to lay a foundation for the research on the processing mechanism, quality control, and active core substances of Bombyx Batryticatus.
僵蚕是中国临床常用的珍贵传统动物药，具有祛风止痉、散风止痛、化痰散结等功效。僵蚕的炮制历史悠久。早在南北朝刘宋时期，就有以米泔水炮制僵蚕的记载。除了现今仍在使用的麸炒、蜜麸炒、姜汁制等炮制方法外，古代还有制、面制、酒制、盐制、油制、炭制、红枣制等炮制方法。炮制后可除去僵蚕的腥臭味，避免直接服用引起的恶心呕吐。此外，炮制还可便于去除表面绒毛、降低毒性，使药材酥脆易粉碎。以往研究表明，僵蚕的主要化学成分包括蛋白质多肽、甾醇和黄酮类化合物，具有抗惊厥、抗凝、抗血栓、抗癌、催眠、降血糖等药理作用。本文综述了僵蚕的炮制历史沿革、化学成分和药理作用，为僵蚕的炮制机理、质量控制及活性核心物质的研究奠定基础。
