Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4L8, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4L8, Canada.
J Sport Health Sci. 2024 Jan;13(1):47-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.005. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training (RT) and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in healthy adults.
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass (or its proxies), strength, and/or physical function in healthy adults aged >18 years.
We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews; standardized effectiveness statements were generated. We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass (4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence), strength (4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), and physical function (1/1 review provided some evidence). RT load (6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), weekly frequency (2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), volume (3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), and exercise order (1/1 review provided some evidence) impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength. We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass, while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day, periodization, inter-set rest, set configuration, set end point, contraction velocity/time under tension, or exercise order (only pertaining to hypertrophy) influenced skeletal muscle adaptations. A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.
Overall, RT increased muscle mass, strength, and physical function compared to no exercise. RT intensity (load) and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy. RT volume (number of sets) influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.
本综述的目的是确定抗阻训练（RT）和个体 RT 处方变量对健康成年人肌肉量、力量和身体功能的影响。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，我们系统地搜索和筛选了符合纳入标准的系统评价，这些评价报告了不同 RT 处方变量对健康成年人肌肉量（或其替代指标）、力量和/或身体功能的影响。
我们确定了 44 篇符合纳入标准的系统评价。使用评估系统评价的测量工具（A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews）评估这些综述的方法学质量，并生成标准化的效果陈述。我们发现 RT 是增加骨骼肌量的有效刺激（4/4 篇综述提供了一些或充分的证据）、力量（4/6 篇综述提供了一些或充分的证据）和身体功能（1/1 篇综述提供了一些证据）。RT 负荷（6/8 篇综述提供了一些或充分的证据）、每周频率（2/4 篇综述提供了一些或充分的证据）、量（3/7 篇综述提供了一些或充分的证据）和运动顺序（1/1 篇综述提供了一些证据）影响 RT 引起的肌肉力量增加。我们发现，2/3 的综述提供了一些或充分的证据表明 RT 量和收缩速度影响骨骼肌量，而 4/7 的综述提供了不支持 RT 负荷影响骨骼肌量的证据。关于 RT 时间、分期、组间休息、组构、组结束点、收缩速度/张力下时间或运动顺序（仅适用于肥大）对骨骼肌适应性的影响，没有足够的证据得出结论。缺乏数据限制了对 RT 处方变量对身体功能影响的深入了解。
总的来说，与不运动相比，RT 增加了肌肉量、力量和身体功能。RT 强度（负荷）和每周频率影响 RT 引起的肌肉力量增加，但不影响肌肉肥大。RT 量（组数）影响肌肉力量和肥大。
